细胞全能性转录因子调控植物组培再生的分子机制研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2023-1164

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

植物细胞在适宜的培养条件下展现出发育成完整新个体的潜能，这种潜能被称为植物细胞全能性。基于细胞全能性的组织培养技术，在植物无性繁殖和遗传改良领域得到了广泛应用。非生物胁迫、植物激素与转录因子协同调控植物离体再生过程。其中，在植物再生过程中起主导作用的转录因子，被称为细胞全能性转录因子。近年来，关于细胞全能性转录因子调控植物离体再生的分子机制研究已取得显著进展。众多转录因子被鉴定出来，并在提高植物遗传转化效率的研究中得到了初步应用。本文按照植物细胞全能性转录因子在植物再生中的功能进行分类梳理，综述近几年植物离体再生过程中信号转导机制，总结植物细胞全能性转录因子在提高植物遗传转化效率方面的作用，并对其应用前景进行展望，为建立有效的无性繁殖体系提供科学依据。

关键词: 细胞全能性转录因子, 组织培养, 离体再生, 调控机制

Abstract:

Plant cells demonstrate the potential to develop into completely new organisms under suitable culture conditions, a phenomenon known as plant cell totipotency. Tissue culture techniques based on this totipotency have been extensively applied in the fields of asexual reproduction and genetic improvement through genetic transformation in plants. Abiotic stress, plant hormones and transcription factors synergistically regulate plant regeneration in vitro. Among these, transcription factors that play a pivotal role in plant regeneration are referred to as totipotency-related transcription factors. Recent advancements have shed light on the molecular mechanisms by which these totipotency-related transcription factors regulate plant in vitro regeneration. Numerous transcription factors have been identified and preliminarily applied in studies aimed at enhancing the efficiency of plant genetic transformation. According to the function of plant cell totipotent transcription factors in plant regeneration, this paper summarizes the signal transduction mechanism in plant regeneration in vitro in recent years, summarizes the role of plant cell totipotent transcription factors in improving the efficiency of plant genetic transformation, and looks forward to its application prospect, so as to provide scientific basis for establishing an effective asexual propagation system.

Key words: totipotency-related transcription factors, tissue culture, in vitro regeneration, regulatory mechanisms

王迪, 张晓宇, 宋宇鑫, 郑东然, 田静, 李玉花, 王宇, 吴昊. 细胞全能性转录因子调控植物组培再生的分子机制研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2024, 40(6): 23-33.

WANG Di ZHANG Xiao-yu SONG Yu-xin ZHENG Dong-ran TIAN Jing LI Yu-hua WANG Yu WU Hao. Advances in the Molecular Mechanisms of Plant Tissue Culture and Regeneration Regulated by Totipotency-related Transcription Factors[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2024, 40(6): 23-33.

图/表 3

图1 植物细胞全能性在植物组织培养再生中的表现形式

Fig. 1 Expression forms of plant cell totipotency in plant tissue culture and regeneration

表1 主要转录因子结构域及三级结构预测图

Table 1 Tertiary structure prediction diagram of major transcription factor domains

转录因子名称Name of transcription factor	结构域示意图Schematic diagram of domain	三级结构预测图Tertiary structure prediction diagram
Homeobox
AP2/ERF
LOB
LEC

图2 植物组培再生过程中相关转录因子的调控机制 A：愈伤组织形成过程中相关转录因子调控机制；B：不定芽再生过程中相关转录因子调控机制；C：根分生组织形成过程中相关转录因子调控机制；D：体细胞胚胎发生过程中相关转录因子调控机制

Fig. 2 Regulation mechanism of related transcription factors in plant tissue culture regeneration A: Regulation mechanism of related transcription factors during callus formation; B: regulation mechanism of related transcription factors in shoot regeneration; C: regulation mechanism of related transcription factors during root meristem formation; D: regulation mechanism of related transcription factors in somatic embryogenesis

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