花生种用品质影响因素及相关标记研究

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2024-0591

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的厘清品种、地点、气象因素和镉含量对花生种用品质的影响，并开发花生种用品质相关标记，为提高花生种用品质和实现花生高产稳产的产业目标提供依据。方法采用不同花生品种在北方区进行多点试验，对花生种用品质进行方差分析和多重比较；以种用品质指标为因变量、气象因子为自变量进行逐步回归分析；对籽仁镉含量与种用品质指标间的相关性进行分析；运用关联分析发掘花生种用品质相关分子标记。结果品种、地点、气象因素及其互作对花生种用品质的影响均达极显著水准。种植大粒花生的10个地点中，青岛发芽势、发芽率及发芽指数高于其他地点，唐山活力指数高于其他地点。种植小粒花生的12个地点中，青岛发芽势高于其他地点，青岛和唐山发芽率高于其他地点，青岛发芽指数和活力指数高于其他地点。大粒花生镉含量与4项种用品质指标存在显著或极显著负相关关系；在一定范围内，镉含量与小粒花生发芽指数存在着极显著正相关关系。利用标准发芽试验统计的4个种子活力性状数据与60对AhTE标记进行关联分析，选用的标记覆盖全部的花生20条染色体组，共发掘9个与花生种用品质显著相关的分子标记。结论品种、地点、气象因素和镉含量对花生种用品质均存在显著的影响，共获得9个与种用品质性状相关的分子标记。

关键词: 花生, 种用品质, 种植区域, 气候因子, 遗传多样性

Abstract:

Objective To understand the effects of variety, location, meteorological factors and cadmium content on the quality of peanut seeds, develop quality markers for peanut seeds, improve the quality of peanut seeds, and achieve the industrial goal of high and stable yield of peanut. Method In this study, different peanut varieties were tested in the northern region, and the quality of peanut seed was analyzed by variance analysis and multiple comparison. With species quality index as dependent variable and meteorological factor as independent variable, stepwise regression analysis was carried out. The correlation between cadmium content of seed kernel and seed quality index was analyzed. Correlation analysis was used to explore molecular markers related to quality of peanut seed. Result Varieties, locations, meteorological factors and their mutual effects on the quality of peanut species were very significant. The germination potential, germination rate and germination index in Qingdao were higher than those in other places, and the vitality index in Tangshan was higher than those in other places. Among the 12 small-peanut planting sites, the germination potential of Qingdao was higher than that of other sites, the germination rate of Qingdao and Tangshan was higher than other sites, and the germination index and vitality index of Qingdao were higher than other sites. There was significant or extremely significant negative correlation between cadmium content and 4 seed quality indexes of large peanut. There was a significantly positive correlation between cadmium content and germination index of small peanut in a certain test range. Four seed vitality traits from standard germination tests were correlated with 60 pairs of AhTE markers. The selected markers covered all 20 chromosome sets of peanut, and 9 molecular markers were found to be significantly correlated with peanut seed quality. Conclusion There are significant effects of varieties, locations, meteorological factors and cadmium contents on peanut seed quality. Nine molecular markers related to seed quality traits are obtained.

Key words: peanuts, seed quality, planting area, climatic factors, genetic diversity

于静, 于桂爽, 孙昊杰, 姜春姣, 苑广迪, 杨珍, 王志伟, 王超, 王传堂. 花生种用品质影响因素及相关标记研究[J]. 生物技术通报, 2025, 41(2): 284-294.

YU Jing, YU Gui-shuang, SUN Hao-jie, JIANG Chun-jiao, YUAN Guang-di, YANG Zhen, WANG Zhi-wei, WANG Chao, WANG Chuan-tang. Affecting Factors and Relevant Marker Study on Peanut Seed Quality[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2025, 41(2): 284-294.

图/表 10

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变异来源 Source of variation	自由度 Degree of freedom	发芽势 Germinative force			发芽率 Germination rate			发芽指数 Germination index			活力指数 Vital index
变异来源 Source of variation	自由度 Degree of freedom	均方	F	P	均方	F	P	均方	F	P	均方	F	P
地点 Location	9	0.08	5.54	0.00	0.04	3.37	0.00	39.58	8.66	0.00	5 913.88	6.79	0.00
品种 Variety	10	0.02	1.56	0.00	0.01	1.24	0.00	12.42	2.72	0.00	2 365.60	2.72	0.00
地点×品种 Location × variety	90	0.01	3.11	0.00	0.01	3.52	0.00	4.57	4.08	0.00	870.48	4.05	0.00
误差 Error	220	0.004			0.003			1.12			215.06

变异来源 Source of variation	自由度 Degree of freedom	发芽势 Germinative force			发芽率 Germination rate			发芽指数 Germination index			活力指数 Vital index
变异来源 Source of variation	自由度 Degree of freedom	均方	F	P	均方	F	P	均方	F	P	均方	F	P
地点 Location	9	0.08	5.54	0.00	0.04	3.37	0.00	39.58	8.66	0.00	5 913.88	6.79	0.00
品种 Variety	10	0.02	1.56	0.00	0.01	1.24	0.00	12.42	2.72	0.00	2 365.60	2.72	0.00
地点×品种 Location × variety	90	0.01	3.11	0.00	0.01	3.52	0.00	4.57	4.08	0.00	870.48	4.05	0.00
误差 Error	220	0.004			0.003			1.12			215.06

地点 Location	发芽势 Germinative force	发芽率 Germination rate	发芽指数 Germination index	活力指数 Vital index
合肥 Hefei	0.98±0.05AB	0.98±0.05AB	13.41±1.34B	73.40±18.12D
菏泽 Heze	0.85±0.13C	0.90±0.11C	10.79±2.05D	50.55±19.99F
漯河 Louhe	0.98±0.05AB	0.98±0.05AB	14.40±1.22A	90.01±22.46AB
商丘 Shangqiu	0.98±0.04AB	0.98±0.04A	13.45±1.27B	85.05±19.02BC
青岛 Qingdao	0.99±0.03A	0.99±0.03A	14.76±1.37A	76.01±14.07CD
泰安 Tai’an	0.98±0.04AB	0.98±0.04AB	12.85±0.75BC	73.04±15.27D
潍坊 Weifang	0.94±0.11AB	0.97±0.08AB	12.80±1.30BC	62.37±16.37E
烟台 Yantai	0.94±0.08B	0.98±0.04AB	12.90±1.25BC	66.76±12.95DE
郑州 Zhengzhou	0.95±0.09AB	0.95±0.09B	12.33±1.26C	71.40±21.63DE
唐山 Tangshan	0.87±0.16C	0.91±0.13C	13.19±2.84B	96.06±41.68A

地点 Location	发芽势 Germinative force	发芽率 Germination rate	发芽指数 Germination index	活力指数 Vital index
合肥 Hefei	0.98±0.05AB	0.98±0.05AB	13.41±1.34B	73.40±18.12D
菏泽 Heze	0.85±0.13C	0.90±0.11C	10.79±2.05D	50.55±19.99F
漯河 Louhe	0.98±0.05AB	0.98±0.05AB	14.40±1.22A	90.01±22.46AB
商丘 Shangqiu	0.98±0.04AB	0.98±0.04A	13.45±1.27B	85.05±19.02BC
青岛 Qingdao	0.99±0.03A	0.99±0.03A	14.76±1.37A	76.01±14.07CD
泰安 Tai’an	0.98±0.04AB	0.98±0.04AB	12.85±0.75BC	73.04±15.27D
潍坊 Weifang	0.94±0.11AB	0.97±0.08AB	12.80±1.30BC	62.37±16.37E
烟台 Yantai	0.94±0.08B	0.98±0.04AB	12.90±1.25BC	66.76±12.95DE
郑州 Zhengzhou	0.95±0.09AB	0.95±0.09B	12.33±1.26C	71.40±21.63DE
唐山 Tangshan	0.87±0.16C	0.91±0.13C	13.19±2.84B	96.06±41.68A

品种 Variety	发芽势 Germinative force	发芽率 Germination rate	发芽指数 Germination index	活力指数 Vital index
花育33号 Huayu 33	0.97±0.07A	0.98±0.04A	13.52±1.33AB	72.08±16.94CDE
花小宝108 Hua Xiaobao 108	0.93±0.11A	0.94±0.09BC	12.88±1.95BCD	64.43±20.76EF
冀花1353 Jihua 1353	0.94±0.09A	0.97±0.05AB	12.69±1.61CD	73.35±26.51BCDE
漯花28号 Luohua 28	0.94±0.10A	0.96±0.07AB	12.99±1.97ABCD	78.43±23.25ABCD
农大429 Nongda 429	0.95±0.09A	0.97±0.06AB	12.57±1.61D	67.94±20.54DE
中育花134号 Zhong Yuhua 134	0.88±0.16B	0.92±0.14C	11.57±2.39E	57.17±21.90F
囤花207 Tunhua 207	0.98±0.05A	0.99±0.03A	13.531±1.72AB	84.14±29.57AB
花育9137 Huayu 9137	0.96±0.08A	0.98±0.06AB	13.76±1.75A	86.87±28.63A
农大D3313 Nongda D3313	0.96±0.10A	0.96±0.10ABC	13.66±2.11AB	73.52±20.78BCDE
中育花135号 Zhongyuhua 135	0.93±0.11A	0.95±0.08ABC	13.44±1.54ABC	80.45±25.03ABC
周科花18 Zhou Kehua 18	0.97±0.08A	0.98±0.05A	13.36±1.42ABC	80.75±23.51ABC