稀土钇对厌氧氨氧化系统的短期影响及作用机制

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2025-1129

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的探究稀土钇对厌氧氨氧化系统的短期影响，并揭示其短期作用机制。方法测定不同钇浓度（0、1、2、4、10、20、40和100 mg/L）时厌氧氨氧化系统的脱氮性能和厌氧氨氧化活性（SAA），并用origin软件对SAA进行显著性分析，利用扫描电镜-能谱仪、三维荧光光谱仪、傅里叶红外光谱仪、考马斯亮蓝法、苯酚-硫酸法和双抗体夹心法测定不同钇浓度时厌氧氨氧化系统的污泥特性和关键酶活性。结果当钇浓度为2 mg/L时，系统总氮去除率最高，比对照组提高了1.98%。继续提高钇浓度，系统总氮去除率逐渐降低。低浓度钇提高了厌氧氨氧化活性，促进了胞外聚合物的分泌和细胞色素C的合成，增加了颗粒污泥表面的C、N、P和Fe元素占比，促进了TB-EPS中可溶性微生物代谢副产物和腐殖酸类物质的生成，与重金属吸附相关的官能团特征峰强度增大，联氨合成酶、硝酸还原酶和亚硝酸盐还原酶的活性增加。而高浓度钇的作用相反，但P和Y（钇）元素的占比显著升高，钇以晶体形式附着在颗粒污泥表面，同时进一步促进了胞外聚合物的分泌，联氨合成酶、硝酸还原酶和亚硝酸盐还原酶的活性仍然较高，但酶空间结构被破坏和整体代谢功能受损。结论稀土钇对厌氧氨氧化系统具有短期的“低促高抑”影响。

关键词: 稀土钇, 厌氧氨氧化, 污泥特性, 酶活性, 作用机制

Abstract:

Objective To explore the short-term effect of rare earth yttrium on anaerobic ammonia oxidation system and reveal its short-term mechanism of action. Method We measured the nitrogen removal performance and anaerobic ammonium oxidation activity (SAA) of the anaerobic ammonium oxidation system at different yttrium concentrations (0, 1, 2, 4, 10, 20, 40, and 100 mg/L), conducted a significance analysis of SAA using Origin software, and determined the sludge characteristics and key enzyme activities of the anaerobic ammonium oxidation system at varying yttrium concentrations using scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy, three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Coomassie brilliant blue method, phenol sulfuric acid method and the double-antibody sandwich method. Result When the yttrium concentration is 2 mg/L, the total nitrogen removal rate of the system is the highest, which is 1.98% higher than the control group. Continuing to increase the concentration of yttrium, the total nitrogen removal rate of the system gradually decreases. Low concentration yttrium enhances anaerobic SAA, promotes the secretion of extracellular polymers and the synthesis of cytochrome C, increases the proportion of C, N, P, and Fe elements on the surface of granular sludge, promotes the generation of soluble microbial metabolic byproducts and humic acid substances in TB-EPS, increases the intensity of functional group characteristic peaks related to heavy metal adsorption, and enhances the activity of hydrazine synthase, nitrate reductase, and nitrite reductase. However, high concentrations of yttrium have the opposite effect, while significantly increasing the proportions of phosphorus and yttrium. Yttrium adhered to the granular sludge surface in crystalline form, further promoting the secretion of extracellular polymeric substances, moreover the activities of hydrazine synthase, nitrate reductase, and nitrite reductase remained relatively high. However, the spatial structures of enzymes were disrupted and overall metabolic function was impaired. Conclusion Rare earth yttrium has a short-term “promotion at low concentration and inhibition at high concentration” effect on anaerobic ammonia oxidation systems.

Key words: rare earth yttrium, anammox, sludge characteristics, enzymatic activity, mechanism of action

郝宛婷, 张超, 陈仔龙, 宋贤威, 高明原, 朱玉玺, 王世豪, 朱易春. 稀土钇对厌氧氨氧化系统的短期影响及作用机制[J]. 生物技术通报, 2026, 42(2): 113-120.

HAO Wan-ting, ZHANG Chao, CHEN Zi-long, SONG Xian-wei, GAO Ming-yuan, ZHU Yu-xi, WANG Shi-hao, ZHU Yi-chun. Short-term Effect of Rare Earth Yttrium on Anaerobic Ammonia Oxidation System and Its Mechanism[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2026, 42(2): 113-120.

图/表 5

图1 各系统氮的去除和SAA的变化A：氮的去除；B：SAA的变化

Fig. 1 Variations in nitrogen removal and SAA in various systemsA: Nitrogen removal. B:Change in SAA, *P≤0.05, ** P≤0.01, ***P≤0.001

图2 各系统污泥表面形态和元素占比A-H：0、1、2、4、10、20、40和100 mg/L钇浓度下污泥照片；I-K：0、2和100 mg/L钇浓度下污泥扫描电镜；L-N：0、2和100 mg/L钇浓度下污泥表面元素占比

Fig. 2 Surface morphology and elemental proportion of sludge in each systemA-H: Photographs of sludge at yttrium concentrations of 0, 1, 2, 4, 10, 20, 40 and 100 mg/L. I-K: Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of sludge at yttrium concentrations of 0, 2 and 100 mg/L. L-N: Surface element composition (percentage) of sludge at yttrium concentrations of 0, 2 and 100 mg/L

图3 各系统污泥EPS组分及三维荧光光谱A：各系统污泥EPS组分；B、C：0 mg/L钇浓度下污泥LB-EPS和TB-EPS的三维荧光光谱；D、E：2 mg/L钇浓度下污泥LB-EPS和TB-EPS的三维荧光光谱；F、G：100 mg/L钇浓度下污泥LB-EPS和TB-EPS的三维荧光光谱

Fig. 3 EPS components and three-dimensional fluorescence spectra of sludge from various systemsA: EPS components of sludge in each system. B, C: Three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) spectra of LB-EPS and TB-EPS in sludge at a yttrium concentration of 0 mg/L. D, E: Three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) spectra of LB-EPS and TB-EPS in sludge at a yttrium concentration of 2 mg/L. F-G: Three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) spectra of LB-EPS and TB-EPS in sludge at a yttrium concentration of 100 mg/L

图4 各系统污泥表面官能团和关键酶活性A：各系统污泥表面官能团；B：各系统污泥关键酶活性

Fig. 4 Surface functional groups and key enzyme activities of sludge in each systemsA:Functional groups on the surface of sludge in each system.B:Key enzyme activity of sludge in each system

图5 钇对厌氧氨氧化系统的作用机制

Fig. 5 Mechanism of yttrium on anaerobic ammonia oxidation system

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