Mechanism of Abnormal Chromosomal Segregation in Yeast Mitosis

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2021-0616

Abstract

Abstract:

Mitosis is the basis of cell genetics,proliferation and development in eukaryotes. It is mainly divided into S phase and M phase,of which M phase is an important process of cell division and transmission of genetic material. The correct segregation of chromosome is highly regulated by a variety of cellular mechanisms,and is the key to ensuring the integrity of the genetic information of the offspring cells. This article mainly uses typical eukaryotic yeast cells as the research model,and reviews the specific mechanisms of abnormal chromosome segregation and aneuploidy formation in the yeast during mitosis. There are four aspects including failure of spindle assembly monitoring mechanism,sister chromatid adhesion protein defect,kinetochore-spindle microtubule binding error,and polycentric pathway. The effects of aneuploidy on the yeast cells are also discussed,aiming to better understand the physiological and genetic characteristics of aneuploidy yeast.

Key words: yeast, aneuploidy, abnormal chromosome segregation, mitosis

WEI Wen-qing, XIE Ze-xiong. Mechanism of Abnormal Chromosomal Segregation in Yeast Mitosis[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2021, 37(12): 227-234.

Figures/Tables 3

Fig.1 Formation and influence of yeast aneuploidy Abnormal mitosis process in yeast cells will lead to the formation of aneuploidy,which will affect cell stress,growth and development,biological evolution and the occurrence of diseases

Fig.2 Sister chromatid adhesion protein and spindle monitoring mechanism Smc1,Smc3,Rad21 and SA/Stg2 together form a chromatid adhesive protein complex,forming a single ring model around the centromere,capturing sister chromatid to regulate polymerization. If the kinetochore-microtubule combination is not correct in the pre-middle stage of mitosis,the mitotic checkpoint complex（MCC）binds to the advanced-stage complex（APC）to activate the spindle assembly monitoring mechanism to block the process of cell mitosis

Fig.3 Miscellaneous kinetochore-microtubule binding and polycentric pathway a:During mitosis,the kinetochore-microtubules are combined in different ways;the bipolar connection is the kinetochore-microtubule connection that the cell completes the normal mitosis process;the Monotic connection,Syntelic connection and Merotelic connection will cause abnormal chromosome segregation and lead to the production of aneuploid yeast cells. b:When there are more than two centrosomes in a cell,centrosomes in different directions are combined with the kinetochore through microtubules,and the chromosomes will be unevenly separated due to uneven force to form aneuploid cells

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