Effects of Biochar on the Soil Properties and Fungal Community Structure under Continuous Cropping of Panax notoginseng

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-0583

Abstract

Abstract:

Study the effects of biochar on the physical and chemical properties of Panax notoginseng rhizosphere soil and fungal community structure will be conducive to deeply understanding the soil condition of continuous cropping of P. notoginseng, and to providing scientific basis and theoretical guidance for soil improvement and ecological planting of P. notoginseng. In this study, tobacco stalk carbon TB, rice husk carbon RB were selected as experimental materials, and the treatment without biochar as control CK. A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of two kinds of biochar on the physical and chemical properties of biennial P. notoginseng rhizosphere soil and the structure of fungal community. Analysis was performed by high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that the application of biochar improved the survival rate of P. notoginseng, and the pH value, soil available phosphorus, microbial biomass carbon and available potassium promoted the survival rate of P. notoginseng, while ammonium nitrogen inhibited the survival rate of P. notoginseng. Soil pH value presented a positive contribution to acid phosphatase and urease activities, but had an inhibitory effect on invertase. Through the analysis of fungal community diversity, adding two biochar significantly improved the fungal community structure in P. notoginseng continuous cropping land, and improved the diversity and richness of soil fungal in the rhizosphere of P. notoginseng. There was obvious differentiation in the community structures under different treatments. After applying biochar, the relative abundance of Ascomycota significantly increased, and the relative abundance of Basidiomycota and Mortierellomycota significantly reduced. At the genus level, compared with the CK, the relative abundance of Fusarium, Aspergillus and Alternaria decreased significantly（P< 0.05）. The abundance of Botryotinia increased significantly（P< 0.01）. Combined with Pearson correlation analysis and RDA, pH value, nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium were the main environmental factors causing the community structure and diversity of P. notoginseng fungi. Biochar results in the survival rate increasing of P. notoginseng by increasing soil pH value, available phosphorus, microbial biomass carbon content and fungal community diversity and reducing the abundance of pathogenic bacteria.

Key words: Panax notoginseng, obstacle in continuous cropping, biochar, rhizosphere fungal community, high-throughput sequencing

SUN Hai-hang, GUAN Hui-lin, WANG Xu, WANG Tong, LI Hong-lin, PENG Wen-jie, LIU Bo-zhen, FAN Fang-ling. Effects of Biochar on the Soil Properties and Fungal Community Structure under Continuous Cropping of Panax notoginseng[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2023, 39(2): 221-231.

Figures/Tables 8

Table 1 Basic properties of the biochar

处理Treatment	pH	电导率 EC/（ms·cm^-1）	铵态氮 NH₄⁺-N/（mg·kg^-1）	硝态氮 NO₃^-N/（mg·kg^-1）	有效磷 AP/（mg·kg^-1）	有效钾 AK/（mg·kg^-1）	总氮 TN/%	总碳 TP/%
稻壳炭RB	9.76±0.34a	4.20±0.32a	1.95±0.11b	35.71±6.12a	854.59±23.11a	1.10±0.86b	0.12±0.05b	1.99±1.02b
烟杆炭TB	10.30±0.24a	0.34±0.11b	3.34±0.18a	7.98±2.54b	743.60±32.14b	8.49±1.22a	0.88±0.13a	62.3±5.21a

Table 2 Physicochemical properties and enzyme activities of soil for continuously cropping P. notoginseng

处理Treatment	对照CK	稻壳炭RB	烟杆炭TB
成活率Survical rate/%	5.93±2.38b	17.17±1.15a	18.17±2.52a
pH	5.98±0.13b	6.38±0.23a	6.34±0.18a
铵态氮NH₄⁺-N/（mg·kg^-1）	3.19±0.11a	2.30±0.55b	2.77±0.12b
硝态氮NO₃^--N/（mg·kg^-1）	7.63±0.44b	7.7±0.19b	29.29±3.34a
有效磷AP/（mg·kg^-1）	7.492±1.10b	15.978±3.10a	16.686±2.66a
有效钾AK/（mg·kg^-1）	138.421±21.05a	137.564±18.04a	124.367±8.32a
微生物量碳MC/（mg·kg^-1）	42.46±6.16a	56.22±7.19a	61.17±23.33a
酸性磷酸酶Phosphatase/[mg·（g·24 h）^-1]	0.190±0.04b	0.150±0.08b	0.550±0.15a
脲酶 Urease/[mg·（g·24 h）^-1]	0.459±0.07b	0.467±0.09b	0.594±0.18a
蔗糖酶Sucrase/[mg·（g·24 h）^-1]	45.910±6.45a	23.475±6.55b	18.217±7.36b

Fig. 1 Descriptive analysis on the correlation between P. notoginseng's survival rates and soil physicochemical properties and enzyme activities NH4+-N: Ammonium nitrogen. NO3--N: Nitrate nitrogen. AP: Available phosphorus. AK: Available potassium. MC: Microbial biomass carbon.）. * indicates P<0.05，and **indicates P<0.01. The same below

Fig. 2 Abundance of fungal population among different treatments at the genus level in the rhizosphere soil and their Pearson’s correlation coefficients with P. notoginseng’s survival rates R refers to the coefficient between the relative abundance and P. notoginseng’s survival rate

Table 3 Alpha diversity analysis of fungal community in soil for continuous cropping of P. notoginseng

处理Treatment	OTUs	Chao1	Simpson	Shannon
CK	781.4±7.05b	998.24±5.17b	0.8844±0.0194b	4.32±0.93c
稻壳炭RB	776.4±10.95b	950.79±28.98c	0.8993±0.0013b	6.36±0.21b
烟杆炭TB	819.6±10.5a	1044.45±17.69a	0.9950±0.0036a	8.21±0.60a

Fig. 3 Heatmap of correlation analysis between soil physi-cochemical properties and fungal community diver-sity index or relative abundance of soil fungal com-munity

Fig. 4 Redundancy analysis between the soil fungal community and soil physicochemical properties based on phylum（A）and genus（B）level

Fig. 5 Structural model of the influence of soil properties and fungal community indicators on the survival rate of P. notoginseng seedlings The SEM was conducted with Amos24. The number near the arrow represents the standardized path coefficient; green represents positive contribution, and red represents negative contribution. Bold lines represent significant correlation. ***: P<0.001

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