Breeding Applications and Prospects of Wild Cotton Germplasm Resources

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2024-0890

Abstract

Abstract:

Domestication and long-term breeding have led to the genetic bottleneck effect that significantly reduces the genetic diversity of cultivated cotton, limiting its potential for the development of new varieties and its ability to adapt to future challenges. Wild germplasm resources, however, serving as an important gene pool, may provide abundant genetic diversity for cultivated cotton improvement. This review systematically summarizes the latest advances and challenges in the study of cotton wild germplasm resources, including genetic diversity research, the identification of superior stress-resistant resources, the exploration of homoeologous tetraploid repeat genes controlling complex agronomic traits, and the creation of hybrid breeding materials. It also identifies four critical scientific issues that need to be addressed to promote the efficient utilization and breeding innovation of wild cotton resources. Future research will further leverage the superior genes of wild germplasm, combining genomics, transcriptomics, epigenomics, and other multi-omics technologies to identify key functional genes and their regulatory mechanisms, decipher the mechanisms of photoperiod sensitivity, and, in conjunction with gene editing technologies, accelerate the transfer of superior genes into cultivated species, thereby driving innovation and development in cotton breeding.

Key words: cotton, wild relatives, tolerance to salt-alkaline, germplasm exploration, duplicated gene regulation, photoperiod sensitivity, polyploid

NIU Ruo-yu, GAO Zhan, XIONG Xian-peng, ZHU De, LUO Hao-tian, MA Xue-yuan, HU Guan-jing. Breeding Applications and Prospects of Wild Cotton Germplasm Resources[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2025, 41(4): 21-32.

Figures/Tables 3

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