Evolutionary Patterns of SRO Family Proteins in the Polyploidization Process of Wheat

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2024-1104

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective This study aims to systematically identify and analyze the structural characteristics, evolutionary patterns, and expression patterns under biotic stress conditions of the wheat SRO gene family, revealing its potential role in wheat stress response. Method Using Arabidopsis thaliana, Solanum lycopersicum, and Zea mays as references, the SRO gene family was identified in 36 genomes of 14 wheat-related species. The identified SRO family members in the diploid (Triticum urartu v2.0), tetraploid (Wild Emmer v1.0), and hexaploid (Chinese Spring v2.1) wheat genomes were analyzed for physicochemical property analysis, conserved motif identification, gene structure analysis, phylogenetic analysis, cis-regulatory element analysis, synteny analysis, and protein-protein interaction network analysis. Result Physicochemical property analysis indicated that SRO family members were generally alkaline and hydrophilic. Gene structure analysis showed that all members contained introns, with large variations in sequence length. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the SRO genes of wheat were more closely related to those of maize. Cis-regulatory element analysis of the promoters showed that SRO family members were mainly responsive to both biotic and abiotic stress-related elements. Evolutionary selection and nucleotide diversity analyses indicated that the SRO family underwent strong positive selection during the transition from diploid to tetraploid wheat and stabilized after the formation of hexaploid wheat. Expression profile analysis showed that hexaploid wheat SRO family members hadd differential expression patterns when subjected to Puccinia triticina (wheat leaf rust) stress. Conclusion The wheat SRO gene family has undergone strong positive selection during the evolution from diploid to tetraploid and has become stable in hexaploid wheat. Some members show significant expression differences under biotic stress conditions compared to controls.

Key words: wheat, SRO gene family, identification of gene family, polyploidy, wheat stripe rust

WANG Yi-min, LI Ying, DONG Hai-tao, ZHANG Heng-rui, CHANG Lu, GAO Tian-tian, HAN De-jun, WU Jian-hui. Evolutionary Patterns of SRO Family Proteins in the Polyploidization Process of Wheat[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2025, 41(5): 70-81.

Figures/Tables 7

Fig. 1 Physicochemical properties and subcellular localization prediction of SRO gene family membersA: Physiochemical properties analysis of SRO gene family members (At: Arabidopsis thaliana; Zm: Zea mays; Soly: Solanum lycopersicum; Ta: hexaploid wheat; Tt: tetraploid wheat; Tu: diploid wheat. The same below). B: Subcellular localization prediction of SRO gene family members (The color of the arrows corresponds to the colors of the SRO family member names in Fig. A)

Fig. 2 Phylogenetic tree, conserved motifs analysis, and gene structure and domain analysis of SRO gene familyA: Phylogenetic tree of the SRO gene family. B: Conserved motif analysis of the SRO gene family. C: Gene structure analysis of the SRO gene family. D: Domain analysis of the SRO gene family

Fig. 3 Phylogenetic analysisA: Phylogenetic tree of the Triticeae tribe and the number of SRO members in each species. B: Species phylogenetic tree of SRO family members

Fig. 4 Analysis of promoter cis-regulatory elementsA: The specific number of responsive regulatory elements for SRO family members in diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid wheat. B: The total number of responsive regulatory elements of three types for SRO family members in diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid wheat

Fig. 5 Evolutionary selection analysis of the SRO family members and multiple sequence alignment among TuSRO, TtSRO, and TaSROA: Nucleotide diversity and Ka/Ks analysis. B: The sequence alignment between TuSRO, TtSRO, and TaSRO

Fig. 6 Collinearity analysis of SRO genes across multiple species

Fig. 7 Expression pattern analysis and interaction prediction of TaSRO gene familyA: Expression analysis of TaSRO gene family. B: Interaction prediction analysis of TaSRO1-1A

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