高选择性和高灵敏度的microRNA检测技术的研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2016.04.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要： microRNA（miRNA）是一类内源性的具有调控功能的非编码RNA，在多种细胞过程中起重要的调节作用，如细胞发育、脂肪代谢、器官生成、细胞分化及细胞凋亡等。研究表明，miRNA的表达水平变化与肿瘤、糖尿病等多种疾病的发生发展密切相关，因此对于miRNA表达水平进行准确快速的检测是对其进行深入研究的前提。目前miRNA的检测分析技术众多，但是对于miRNA多态性和突变的检测技术还不甚成熟，而且生物样本中微量miRNA检测技术的灵敏度亦需要进一步的发展与突破。就近年来miRNA的高选择性和高灵敏度的检测方法进行了综述，旨为相关的检测技术进一步研究提供重要帮助。

关键词: miRNA, 检测方法, 高选择性, 高灵敏度, 基因调控

Abstract: microRNAs（miRNAs），a class of small，endogenous and non-coding RNAs，play critical regulatory functions in many cell processes such as cell development，fat metabolism，organs generation，cell differentiation and apoptosis，etc. Researchers have discovered that the dysregulation of miRNA expression is closely associated with various diseases including human cancers and diabetes. Therefore，the prompt and accurate detection of miRNA expression is the prerequisite for the further researches on it. Many assays for miRNA detection have recently been developed，but the detection techniques for polymorphism and mutation of miRNA are not so mature. Furthermore，the sensitivity for detection technology of microscale miRNA in biological samples also needs further development and breakthroughs. The new developed miRNA detection techniques with high selectivity and high sensitivity are reviewed in this paper，and then this may provide important assistance for further study on the related detection technologies.

Key words: miRNA, detection method, high selectivity, high sensitivity, gene regulation

陈珍珠,李蕊,田飞,沈彦婷,葛芹玉. 高选择性和高灵敏度的microRNA检测技术的研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2016, 32(4): 39-47.

CHEN Zhen-zhu, LI Rui, TIAN Fei ,SHEN Yan-ting, GE Qin-yu. Research Progress on miRNA Detection Techniques with High Sensitivity and High Selectivity[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2016, 32(4): 39-47.

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