马铃薯淀粉合成与降解研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2018-0829

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 马铃薯是我国第四大粮食作物,其总产量占全国粮食产量的20%。马铃薯是C3作物,其淀粉含量相对较低,这与其淀粉合成和降解过程有关。与马铃薯淀粉合成的相关酶包括腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶（ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase,AGPase）、颗粒结合性淀粉合成酶（Granule-bound starch synthase,GBSS）、可溶性淀粉合成酶（Soluble starch synthase,SSS）、淀粉分支酶（Starch branching enzyme,SBE）和淀粉去分支酶（Starch debranching enzyme,DBE）。α-淀粉酶（α-amylase,Amy）、β-淀粉酶（β-amylase,BAM）、葡聚糖水双激酶（Glucan water dikinase,GWD）、磷酸葡聚糖水双激酶（Phosphoglucan water dikinase,PWD）和酸性转化酶（Acid invertase,AI）、中/碱性转化酶（Neutral/alkaline inverstase,NI）则与马铃薯淀粉降解有关。马铃薯淀粉合成与降解基因克隆对马铃薯品种遗传改良具有重要意义,目前部分克隆的马铃薯淀粉合成与降解基因已在增加马铃薯淀粉含量、淀粉改性和改变淀粉组分方面得到广泛应用。总结了马铃薯淀粉合成与降解酶基因的研究进展,并提出今后研究建议,旨为深入开展马铃薯淀粉改良工程研究提供参考。

关键词: 马铃薯, 淀粉合成, 淀粉降解, 基因工程

Abstract: Potato is the fourth largest food crop in China and its total output accounts for 20% of the grain yield in the country. Potato is a C3 crop and its starch content is relatively low,which is related to its starch synthesis and degradation process. Enzymes related to potato starch synthesis include ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase,granule-bound starch synthase,soluble starch synthase,starch branching enzyme,and starch debranching enzyme,while α-amylase,β-amylase,glucan water dikinase,phosphoglucan water dikinase,acid invertase,and neutral/alkaline inverstase are associated with the degradation of potato starch. Cloning potato starch synthesis and degradation genes is of great significance for genetic improvement of potato varieties. At present some cloned genes have been widely used in increasing starch content,modifying starch,and changing starch components in potato. This paper summarized the research progress on potato starch synthesis and degrading enzyme genes. Some suggestions have been put forward for future research,aiming at providing reference for future research on potato starch improvement engineering.

Key words: potato, starch synthesis, starch degradation, genetic engineering

何虎翼, 唐洲萍, 杨鑫, 樊吴静, 谭冠宁, 李丽淑, 何新民. 马铃薯淀粉合成与降解研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2019, 35(4): 101-107.

HE Hu-yi, TANG Zhou-ping, YANG Xin, FAN Wu-jing, TAN Guan-ning, LI Li-shu, HE Xin-min. Research Progress on Potato Starch Synthesis and Degradation[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2019, 35(4): 101-107.

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