关键词: 脂肪酰化, N-肉豆蔻酰化, S-酰化, 信号转导, N-高丝氨酸内脂

Abstract: Protein fatty acylation modification is an important form of protein translation modification,and plays an important role in cell signal transduction,growth and metabolism. N-myristoylation and S-acylation are the two major forms of fatty acylation. Long-chain fatty acids are covalently bound to proteins,which alter the structure of the protein and affect a range of physiological functions of the cell. In recent years,compared with the functional studies of protein fatty acylation in fungi and animal cells,the study of plant protein lipid acylation and its biological functions are relatively backward,and the two are not identical,causing researchers broad interests. Extensive studies have found that the plant protein N-myristoylation and S-acylation modification process requires the corresponding soybean acyltransferase and S-acyltransferase to catalyze,respectively. Through the study of two transferase-deficient mutants,these two acyltransferases were found to be involved in plant seed germination,flowering length and phenotypic normalization. N-myristoylation and S-acylated proteins were inserted into the membrane at the corresponding positions by hydrophobic acyl bonds for membrane anchoring;participating in the regulation of plant growth,signal transduction and immune response processes. This paper reviewed recent advances in the biological functions of N-myristoylation and S-acylation in plant cells and discusses the role of lipid-modification of plant G-protein coupled receptors（GPCRs）in the sensing of bacterial signaling molecules N-acylhomoserine lactones（AHLs）,providing theoretical guidance for the use of genetic intervention techniques to improve crop production,quality and resistance.

Key words: fatty acylation, N-myristoylation, S-acylation, signal transduction, N-acylhomoserime lactones