废水中硫氰酸盐的微生物降解研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2020-0661

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

硫氰酸盐（SCN^-）是一种常见的金矿、纺织、印染和焦化工业污染物,有毒性、给生物安全带来危害。目前,随着现代生物技术的发展,通过高通量测序、转录组测序、DNA指纹图谱和靶向基因扩增等技术已经阐明了微生物降解硫氰酸盐的群落结构、遗传和代谢多样性,表明微生物降解硫氰酸盐是最可行的修复方法。综述了降解硫氰酸盐的微生物种类,碳、硫和氮循环的影响,降解硫氰酸盐的机理,讨论了微生物降解硫氰酸盐的意义及存在的问题,旨为处理废水中硫氰酸盐提供理论支持。

关键词: 硫氰酸盐, 微生物降解, 废水

Abstract:

Thiocyanate（SCN^-）is a common pollutant in gold mine,textile,dyeing and coking industries,is toxic and harmful to biological safety. At present,with the development of modern biotechnology,the community structure,genetic and metabolic diversity of thiocyanate degradation by microorganisms have been clarified through high-throughput sequencing,transcriptome sequencing,DNA fingerprinting and targeted gene amplification,which indicates that thiocyanate degradation by microorganisms is the most feasible approach for remediation. In this paper,the types of thiocyanate-degrading microorganisms,the influence of carbon,sulfur and nitrogen cycle,the mechanism of thiocyanate degradation are reviewed,and the significance and issues of thiocyanate degradation by microorganisms are discussed,aiming to provide theoretical support for the treatment of thiocyanate in wastewater.

Key words: thiocyanate, microbial degradation, wastewater

肖小双, 安雪姣, 叶晗媛, 王林平, 钟斌, 张庆华. 废水中硫氰酸盐的微生物降解研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2021, 37(2): 224-235.

XIAO Xiao-shuang, AN Xue-jiao, YE Han-yuan, WANG Lin-ping, ZHONG Bin, ZHANG Qing-hua. Research Progress on Microbial Degradation of Thiocyanate in Wastewater[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2021, 37(2): 224-235.

图/表 4

参考文献 81

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分类依据	菌株类型	参考文献
自养菌	Thiobacillus thioparus、Paracoccus spp.、Thiobacillus denitrificans、Thiohalophilus thiocyanoxidans、Halothiobacillus spp.、Thioalkalivibrio paradoxus、Thioalkalivibrio thiocyanoxidans、Thioalkalivibrio thiocyanodenitrificans、T. denitrificans、T. thiocyanodenitrificans and Pseudomonas aeuginosa	[9-10,27-42]
异养菌	Ralstonia、Sphingomonas、Klebsiella、Pseudomonas、Arthrobacter and Methylobacterium	[12,43-47,49]
混合营养菌	Burkholderia phytofirmans	[50]
真菌	Acremonium strictum、Schizophyllum commune、Polyporus arcularius、Ganoderma applanatum、Pleurotus eryngii、Clavariadelphus truncatus、Cerrena unicolor、Trametes versicolor、Ganoderma lucidum and Schizophyllum commune	[51-52]

分类依据	菌株类型	参考文献
自养菌	Thiobacillus thioparus、Paracoccus spp.、Thiobacillus denitrificans、Thiohalophilus thiocyanoxidans、Halothiobacillus spp.、Thioalkalivibrio paradoxus、Thioalkalivibrio thiocyanoxidans、Thioalkalivibrio thiocyanodenitrificans、T. denitrificans、T. thiocyanodenitrificans and Pseudomonas aeuginosa	[9-10,27-42]
异养菌	Ralstonia、Sphingomonas、Klebsiella、Pseudomonas、Arthrobacter and Methylobacterium	[12,43-47,49]
混合营养菌	Burkholderia phytofirmans	[50]
真菌	Acremonium strictum、Schizophyllum commune、Polyporus arcularius、Ganoderma applanatum、Pleurotus eryngii、Clavariadelphus truncatus、Cerrena unicolor、Trametes versicolor、Ganoderma lucidum and Schizophyllum commune	[51-52]

影响因素	影响原因	参考文献
温度	温度的降低和升高会影响微生物的生长、代谢和繁殖以及SCNase的活性	[29,72,76]
pH	pH的过低和过高会影响微生物的生长、代谢和繁殖以及SCNase的活性	[9,29,36,72,76,80-81]
溶解氧	好氧微生物需要高浓度的溶解氧,厌氧微生物则需要低浓度的溶解氧	[28-29]
硫氰酸盐浓度	硫氰酸盐浓度过高会出现底物抑制	[9-11,28,76,80-81]
无机盐	无机盐是微生物生长、代谢和繁殖过程所必需的	[3,76]
外加营养物质（C源或N源）	有些微生物单一利用硫氰酸盐中的碳源或者氮源,这就需要相对应的补充氮源或碳源	[9]
代谢产物浓度	产物浓度过高会抑制微生物降解硫氰酸盐	[9-10,28-29,76,80]

影响因素	影响原因	参考文献
温度	温度的降低和升高会影响微生物的生长、代谢和繁殖以及SCNase的活性	[29,72,76]
pH	pH的过低和过高会影响微生物的生长、代谢和繁殖以及SCNase的活性	[9,29,36,72,76,80-81]
溶解氧	好氧微生物需要高浓度的溶解氧,厌氧微生物则需要低浓度的溶解氧	[28-29]
硫氰酸盐浓度	硫氰酸盐浓度过高会出现底物抑制	[9-11,28,76,80-81]
无机盐	无机盐是微生物生长、代谢和繁殖过程所必需的	[3,76]
外加营养物质（C源或N源）	有些微生物单一利用硫氰酸盐中的碳源或者氮源,这就需要相对应的补充氮源或碳源	[9]
代谢产物浓度	产物浓度过高会抑制微生物降解硫氰酸盐	[9-10,28-29,76,80]