活性氧诱发的植物亚细胞间通讯

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2020-1275

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在正常发育和应激条件下,活性氧（reactive oxygen species,ROS）均会在植物细胞的不同细胞器中产生,如线粒体呼吸作用和叶绿体光合作用都是ROS的重要来源。ROS虽然对细胞存在潜在的毒害,但是适量的ROS可以作为信号分子激活信号传导通路引起细胞器内多种生理反应,从而协调亚细胞器的代谢功能及相互作用。尽管这些过程已被广泛研究,但ROS在植物亚细胞器间的通讯过程所发挥的作用则相对零散。综述了ROS的种类及其产生途径,重点介绍了植物细胞如何感知并响应ROS以及细胞器间的ROS信号传递过程。这些结果将有助于理解ROS作为信号分子在线粒体、叶绿体和细胞核信号交流中的作用。

关键词: 活性氧, 逆行信号, 线粒体, 叶绿体

Abstract:

Reactive oxygen species（ROS）are produced in different organelles in plants under both normal and stress conditions,such as the ROS production by respiration in mitochondria and photosynthesis in chloroplast. Although ROS are potentially toxic to cells,they can act as signaling molecules to activate signaling transduction network to trigger the physiological reactions inside organelles,thus to coordinate the metabolic functions and interactions in sub-organelles. Though these processes have been extensively studied,the role of ROS in plant subcellular communication has been sporadic. This article reviews the types of ROS and how they are produced. Particularly,how plant cells perceive and respond to ROS and how they transmit signals between and within cells are summarized. It will be conducive to understanding the role of ROS as signaling molecules in the communication among mitochondria,chloroplasts and nucleus.

Key words: reactive oxygen species, retrograde signal, mitochondria, chloroplasts

李陆萍, 梁大成. 活性氧诱发的植物亚细胞间通讯[J]. 生物技术通报, 2021, 37(5): 165-173.

LI Lu-ping, LIANG Da-cheng. The Subcellular Communication Driven by Reactive Oxygen Species in Plants[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2021, 37(5): 165-173.

图/表 3

图1 ROS产生的亚细胞位点

Fig. 1 Subcellular sites from ROS

图2 H2O2介导的触发细胞内在信号通路的示意图 HHPCA1激酶活性通过未知的机制导致Ca2+内流进入细胞,通过与钙调蛋白(Calmodulin, CAM)和钙敏感受体(Calcium-sensing receptor, CAS)结合触发其他信号通路。Ca2+信号通过蛋白磷酸化激活钙依赖蛋白激酶(Calcium-dependent protein kinase, CDPK)并调节转录因子。Ca2+内流刺激呼吸爆发氧化酶(RBOH)产生活性氧。H2O2可通过水通道蛋白进入细胞

Fig. 2 A schematic representation of H2O2-mediated triggering intrinsic signaling pathways in cell HPCA1 kinase activity leads to Ca2+ influx into the cells through an unknown mechanism, triggering intrinsic and systemic signaling pathways by combining with calmodulin (CAM) and calcium-sensing receptor (CAS). Ca2+ signaling activates calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK) and regulates transcription factor activity through protein phosphorylation. Ca2+ influx also activates respiratory burst oxidase (RBOH) to produce reactive oxygen species. H2O2 can enter the cell via aquaporin

图3 ROS介导的细胞器信号转导线粒体在呼吸代谢的电子传递链中产生ROS,AOX1在该反应中表达。苹果酸穿过叶绿体进入线粒体,刺激叶绿体中ROS的产生。PSI和PSⅡ中电子传递链的泄漏可导致叶绿体中ROS产生的改变,通过PAP逆行信号影响RCD1的稳定性和氧化还原状态,抑制其活性,进而影响核基因表达的调节。基质管（stromules）是叶绿体延伸的管状突起

Fig. 3 ROS-mediated in organelles signaling Mitochondria produce ROS in the electron transport chain of respiratory metabolism. Alternative oxidase 1 protein (AOX1) is expressed among this reaction. The ROS production signal in chloroplast is transmitted to mitochondria via malate shuttle. Leakage of electrons from the transport chain at PSI and PS Ⅱ system leads to ROS production and the change of redox state in chloroplast. PAP retrograde signaling might influence RCD1 stability and redox status in nucleus, thus regulating nuclear gene expression. Stromules are tubular extensions of chloroplasts

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