哺乳动物m6A与生长发育相关生物学功能研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2020-1358

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

RNA 表观遗传修饰N6-甲基腺嘌呤（N6-methyladenosine,m⁶A）是RNA中存在最为广泛的中间化学修饰,普遍存在于生命体中,其中以哺乳动物中的研究最为广泛。m⁶A修饰酶和结合蛋白的发现证明了RNA甲基化修饰是动态可逆过程,常见的m⁶A修饰酶主要包括甲基转移酶和去甲基化酶。近年研究陆续发现通过调控m⁶A在RNA修饰水平上影响mRNA剪切、翻译、稳定性、出核等过程。RNA甲基化介导的表观转录组学参与诸多生物学过程。结合m⁶A前沿研究成果,对m⁶A甲基化主要的修饰酶、检测方法及其在胚胎发育、肌肉发育与脂肪生成等方面的生物学功能进行综述,旨为探究m⁶A甲基化修饰在动物重要的生物学过程中的调控机制寻找新方向。

关键词: N6-甲基腺嘌呤, 表观遗传, 调控, 生物学功能

Abstract:

Epigenetic modification of RNA N6-methyladenine（m⁶A）is the most extensive intermediate chemical modification in RNA,which exists commonly in living organisms,especially in mammals. The discovery of m⁶A modifying enzymes and binding proteins confirmed that RNA methylation modification is a dynamic reversible process,and the common m⁶A modifying enzymes mainly include methyltransferase and demethylase. Recent studies have successively found that m⁶A modification level and m⁶A distribution on RNA affect the processes of mRNA splicing,translation,stability,and exporting. RNA methylation-mediated epitranscriptomics is involved in many biological processes. This review summarizes the major m⁶A methylation modification of enzyme,the detection method and m⁶A biological functions in embryonic development,muscle development,as well as lipogenesis based on the latest m⁶A research,aiming to find new directions for exploring the functions and regulatory mechanisms of m⁶A methylation modification in important biological processes in animals.

Key words: N6-methyladenosine, epigenetic, regulation, biological function

薛翔澜, 丁洋洋, 刘悦, 李晓波, 蒋琳, 何晓红, 马月辉, 赵倩君. 哺乳动物m⁶A与生长发育相关生物学功能研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2021, 37(4): 251-259.

XUE Xiang-lan, DING Yang-yang, LIU Yue, LI Xiao-bo, JIANG Lin, HE Xiao-hong, MA Yue-hui, ZHAO Qian-jun. Research Progress on Biological Function Growth and Development Related to N6-methyladenosine in Mammals[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2021, 37(4): 251-259.

图/表 3

参考文献 67

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检测方法 Detection method	优点 Advantage	缺点 Defect	参考文献 Reference
比色法 Colorimetry	RNA整体水平检测、成本低、操作简单	不具备特异性、低通量	[32]
MeRIP-Seq	高通量、单碱基、高灵敏度、量化转录片段	依赖抗体、无法定量、无法在全转录组水平精确定位	[33-34]
HPLC-LC/MS/MS	快速、灵敏、分辨率高、可准确定量定性分析	定性能力较弱、检测灵敏度一般	[35]
m⁶A-miCLIP	高通量、单碱基、UV诱导抗体-RNA交联	依赖于抗体	[36]
PA-m⁶A-Seq	高通量、单碱基、细胞水平定位	依赖于抗体	[46]
m⁶A-LAIC-Seq	高通量、精确定量	依赖于抗体	[36]
m⁶A-REF-Seq/ MAZTER-Seq	不依赖于抗体、特异性区分m⁶A修饰的内切核酸酶、高通量	不能覆盖所有m⁶A位点	[44-45]

检测方法 Detection method	优点 Advantage	缺点 Defect	参考文献 Reference
比色法 Colorimetry	RNA整体水平检测、成本低、操作简单	不具备特异性、低通量	[32]
MeRIP-Seq	高通量、单碱基、高灵敏度、量化转录片段	依赖抗体、无法定量、无法在全转录组水平精确定位	[33-34]
HPLC-LC/MS/MS	快速、灵敏、分辨率高、可准确定量定性分析	定性能力较弱、检测灵敏度一般	[35]
m⁶A-miCLIP	高通量、单碱基、UV诱导抗体-RNA交联	依赖于抗体	[36]
PA-m⁶A-Seq	高通量、单碱基、细胞水平定位	依赖于抗体	[46]
m⁶A-LAIC-Seq	高通量、精确定量	依赖于抗体	[36]
m⁶A-REF-Seq/ MAZTER-Seq	不依赖于抗体、特异性区分m⁶A修饰的内切核酸酶、高通量	不能覆盖所有m⁶A位点	[44-45]

哺乳动物m⁶A与生长发育相关生物学功能研究进展

Research Progress on Biological Function Growth and Development Related to N6-methyladenosine in Mammals

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