生物技术通报 ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (12): 263-273.doi: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-0123
刘天海1(), 羊淑琴2, 刘付彭3, 苗人云4, 余洋1, 吴翔1, 唐杰1, 王勇1, 彭卫红1, 谭昊1,5,6()
收稿日期:
2022-01-26
出版日期:
2022-12-26
发布日期:
2022-12-29
作者简介:
刘天海,男,助理研究员,研究方向:食用菌驯化与栽培;E-mail:基金资助:
LIU Tian-hai1(), YANG Shu-qin2, LIU Fu-peng3, MIAO Ren-yun4, YU Yang1, WU Xiang1, TANG Jie1, WANG Yong1, PENG Wei-hong1, TAN Hao1,5,6()
Received:
2022-01-26
Published:
2022-12-26
Online:
2022-12-29
摘要:
为探索有机肥在六妹羊肚菌(Morchella sextelata)连作栽培中的应用技术,研究有机肥对土壤理化性质和羊肚菌产量的影响。通过向羊肚菌栽培土壤中施用麦秸鸡粪有机肥,并连续统计两年羊肚菌的产量和土壤理化指标变化情况,利用主成分分析方法寻找影响土壤理化指标的主要因素,利用相关性分析方法确定影响羊肚菌产量的关键土壤理化指标。施用有机肥显著改变了土壤理化性质,土壤肥力水平明显提升。羊肚菌栽培对土壤容重、pH值、腐殖酸、有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、有效钼、有效硼、交换性钙离子和交换性镁离子含量影响较大。施用有机肥可以连续两年提升羊肚菌出菇产量20%以上,具有一定增产、稳产的效果。羊肚菌产量与土壤腐殖酸和交换性钙离子含量呈显著正相关。研究展示了秸秆发酵有机肥在羊肚菌连作栽培中的应用潜力,揭示了影响羊肚菌产量的关键土壤理化指标。
刘天海, 羊淑琴, 刘付彭, 苗人云, 余洋, 吴翔, 唐杰, 王勇, 彭卫红, 谭昊. 麦秸鸡粪发酵有机肥对六妹羊肚菌连作的影响[J]. 生物技术通报, 2022, 38(12): 263-273.
LIU Tian-hai, YANG Shu-qin, LIU Fu-peng, MIAO Ren-yun, YU Yang, WU Xiang, TANG Jie, WANG Yong, PENG Wei-hong, TAN Hao. Effects of Organic Fertilizers Fermented with Wheat Straw and Chicken Manure on the Continuous Cultivation of Morchella sextelata[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2022, 38(12): 263-273.
名称Name | 含量Content |
---|---|
pH | 7.85±0.02 |
含水率Moisture content | (2.63±0.26)% |
有机质Organic matter | (39.30±0.51)% |
全氮Total N | (14.25±0.14)mg/g |
铵态氮Ammonium N | (0.90±0.01)mg/g |
硝态氮Nitrate N | (0.10±0.001)mg/g |
全磷Total P | (3.99±0.04)mg/g |
全钾Total K | (22.51±0.12)mg/g |
总蛋白Total proteins | (11.15±0.23)mg/g |
游离氨基酸Free amino acids | (44.40±1.09)mg/g |
粗脂肪Crude fat | (43.77±0.35)mg/g |
游离脂肪酸Free fatty acid | (10.69±1.04)mg/g |
总有机碳Total organic carbon | (249.93±0.42)mg/g |
还原糖Reducing sugars | (6.74±0.01)mg/g |
纤维素Cellulose | (254.63±11.45)mg/g |
半纤维素Hemicellulose | (63.33±5.03)mg/g |
木质素Lignin | (28.45±1.53)mg/g |
表1 有机肥的理化指标
Table 1 Physiochemical properties of organic fertilizer
名称Name | 含量Content |
---|---|
pH | 7.85±0.02 |
含水率Moisture content | (2.63±0.26)% |
有机质Organic matter | (39.30±0.51)% |
全氮Total N | (14.25±0.14)mg/g |
铵态氮Ammonium N | (0.90±0.01)mg/g |
硝态氮Nitrate N | (0.10±0.001)mg/g |
全磷Total P | (3.99±0.04)mg/g |
全钾Total K | (22.51±0.12)mg/g |
总蛋白Total proteins | (11.15±0.23)mg/g |
游离氨基酸Free amino acids | (44.40±1.09)mg/g |
粗脂肪Crude fat | (43.77±0.35)mg/g |
游离脂肪酸Free fatty acid | (10.69±1.04)mg/g |
总有机碳Total organic carbon | (249.93±0.42)mg/g |
还原糖Reducing sugars | (6.74±0.01)mg/g |
纤维素Cellulose | (254.63±11.45)mg/g |
半纤维素Hemicellulose | (63.33±5.03)mg/g |
木质素Lignin | (28.45±1.53)mg/g |
图1 有机肥不同施用量下连续两年土壤pH、容重、腐殖酸和有机质含量
Fig. 1 Contents of soil pH,bulk density,humic acid and organic matter under different application rates of organic fertilizer for two consecutive years
图4 不同施用量和不同年份分组情况下土壤理化指标的主成分分析 A:以施用量分组(2016);B:以施用量分组(2017);C:以年份分组
Fig. 4 Principal component analysis of soil physiochemical properties under different application rates and different year groups A:Grouped by application rate(2016). B:Grouped by application rate(2017). C:Grouped by year
图5 有机肥不同施用量下连作两轮羊肚菌产量 A:第一轮种植羊肚菌产量;B:第二轮种植羊肚菌产量。不同小写字母代表差异显著(P<0.05)
Fig. 5 Yield of morel mushrooms for 2 consecutive rou-nds under different application rates of organic fertilizer A:The yield of morels for the first round of cultivation. B:The yield of morels for the second round of cultivation. Different lower letters refer to significant difference(P<0.05)
Yld | pH | Ds | HA | TN | TP | TK | OM | AN | AP | AK | ACu | AZn | AFe | AMn | AS | ExCa | ExMg | AMo | AB | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yld | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||
pH | -0.26 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||
Ds | -0.11 | 0.26 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||
HA | 0.43* | -0.76** | -0.42* | 1 | ||||||||||||||||
TN | 0.31 | -0.59** | -0.47* | 0.91** | 1 | |||||||||||||||
TP | 0.32 | -0.59** | -0.46* | 0.91** | 0.98** | 1 | ||||||||||||||
TK | 0.01 | 0.09 | -0.11 | -0.15 | -0.17 | -0.19 | 1 | |||||||||||||
OM | 0.19 | -0.74** | -0.49* | 0.91** | 0.90** | 0.87** | -0.20 | 1 | ||||||||||||
AN | 0.25 | -0.67** | -0.57** | 0.89** | 0.91** | 0.92** | -0.29 | 0.93** | 1 | |||||||||||
AP | 0.21 | -0.67** | -0.48* | 0.87** | 0.92** | 0.90** | -0.24 | 0.91** | 0.91** | 1 | ||||||||||
AK | 0.31 | -0.65** | -0.47* | 0.85** | 0.87** | 0.90** | -0.24 | 0.76** | 0.84** | 0.83** | 1 | |||||||||
ACu | 0.19 | 0.28 | -0.01 | -0.11 | -0.14 | -0.12 | 0.24 | -0.21 | -0.21 | -0.24 | -0.15 | 1 | ||||||||
AZn | 0.25 | -0.63** | -0.50* | 0.88** | 0.95** | 0.95** | -0.28 | 0.90** | 0.93** | 0.91** | 0.88** | -0.16 | 1 | |||||||
AFe | 0.40 | -0.50* | -0.42* | 0.61** | 0.59** | 0.60** | 0.09 | 0.59** | 0.60** | 0.64** | 0.52** | 0.00 | 0.53** | 1 | ||||||
AMn | 0.08 | -0.48* | -0.40 | 0.49* | 0.49* | 0.53** | -0.22 | 0.55** | 0.57** | 0.55** | 0.70** | -0.08 | 0.60** | 0.42* | 1 | |||||
AS | 0.24 | -0.14 | 0.37 | 0.17 | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.02 | 0.05 | -0.08 | 0.01 | -0.05 | 0.26 | -0.08 | 0.17 | -0.20 | 1 | ||||
ExCa | 0.48* | -0.08 | 0.21 | 0.20 | 0.24 | 0.27 | 0.01 | -0.05 | 0.03 | 0.12 | 0.29 | 0.20 | 0.19 | 0.14 | -0.02 | 0.22 | 1 | |||
ExMg | -0.08 | -0.42* | -0.54** | 0.57** | 0.65** | 0.64** | -0.28 | 0.75** | 0.74** | 0.66** | 0.60** | -0.21 | 0.72** | 0.22 | 0.63** | -0.23 | -0.12 | 1 | ||
AMo | -0.04 | -0.04 | -0.09 | 0.27 | 0.43* | 0.41* | 0.12 | 0.30 | 0.25 | 0.38 | 0.27 | 0.01 | 0.39 | 0.13 | 0.30 | 0.13 | 0.03 | 0.29 | 1 | |
AB | -0.32 | 0.27 | -0.19 | -0.10 | 0.08 | 0.12 | 0.23 | 0.02 | 0.07 | 0.12 | -0.02 | -0.08 | 0.08 | -0.06 | 0.02 | -0.29 | -0.34 | 0.05 | 0.53 | 1 |
表2 羊肚菌产量与土壤理化因子的Pearson相关系数
Table 2 Pearson's correlation value between soil physiochemical properties and morel yield
Yld | pH | Ds | HA | TN | TP | TK | OM | AN | AP | AK | ACu | AZn | AFe | AMn | AS | ExCa | ExMg | AMo | AB | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yld | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||
pH | -0.26 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||
Ds | -0.11 | 0.26 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||
HA | 0.43* | -0.76** | -0.42* | 1 | ||||||||||||||||
TN | 0.31 | -0.59** | -0.47* | 0.91** | 1 | |||||||||||||||
TP | 0.32 | -0.59** | -0.46* | 0.91** | 0.98** | 1 | ||||||||||||||
TK | 0.01 | 0.09 | -0.11 | -0.15 | -0.17 | -0.19 | 1 | |||||||||||||
OM | 0.19 | -0.74** | -0.49* | 0.91** | 0.90** | 0.87** | -0.20 | 1 | ||||||||||||
AN | 0.25 | -0.67** | -0.57** | 0.89** | 0.91** | 0.92** | -0.29 | 0.93** | 1 | |||||||||||
AP | 0.21 | -0.67** | -0.48* | 0.87** | 0.92** | 0.90** | -0.24 | 0.91** | 0.91** | 1 | ||||||||||
AK | 0.31 | -0.65** | -0.47* | 0.85** | 0.87** | 0.90** | -0.24 | 0.76** | 0.84** | 0.83** | 1 | |||||||||
ACu | 0.19 | 0.28 | -0.01 | -0.11 | -0.14 | -0.12 | 0.24 | -0.21 | -0.21 | -0.24 | -0.15 | 1 | ||||||||
AZn | 0.25 | -0.63** | -0.50* | 0.88** | 0.95** | 0.95** | -0.28 | 0.90** | 0.93** | 0.91** | 0.88** | -0.16 | 1 | |||||||
AFe | 0.40 | -0.50* | -0.42* | 0.61** | 0.59** | 0.60** | 0.09 | 0.59** | 0.60** | 0.64** | 0.52** | 0.00 | 0.53** | 1 | ||||||
AMn | 0.08 | -0.48* | -0.40 | 0.49* | 0.49* | 0.53** | -0.22 | 0.55** | 0.57** | 0.55** | 0.70** | -0.08 | 0.60** | 0.42* | 1 | |||||
AS | 0.24 | -0.14 | 0.37 | 0.17 | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.02 | 0.05 | -0.08 | 0.01 | -0.05 | 0.26 | -0.08 | 0.17 | -0.20 | 1 | ||||
ExCa | 0.48* | -0.08 | 0.21 | 0.20 | 0.24 | 0.27 | 0.01 | -0.05 | 0.03 | 0.12 | 0.29 | 0.20 | 0.19 | 0.14 | -0.02 | 0.22 | 1 | |||
ExMg | -0.08 | -0.42* | -0.54** | 0.57** | 0.65** | 0.64** | -0.28 | 0.75** | 0.74** | 0.66** | 0.60** | -0.21 | 0.72** | 0.22 | 0.63** | -0.23 | -0.12 | 1 | ||
AMo | -0.04 | -0.04 | -0.09 | 0.27 | 0.43* | 0.41* | 0.12 | 0.30 | 0.25 | 0.38 | 0.27 | 0.01 | 0.39 | 0.13 | 0.30 | 0.13 | 0.03 | 0.29 | 1 | |
AB | -0.32 | 0.27 | -0.19 | -0.10 | 0.08 | 0.12 | 0.23 | 0.02 | 0.07 | 0.12 | -0.02 | -0.08 | 0.08 | -0.06 | 0.02 | -0.29 | -0.34 | 0.05 | 0.53 | 1 |
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