植物感知和传递低温信号的分子机制

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2023-0615

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

低温胁迫是影响植物生长、发育及作物产量的重要环境胁迫之一。植物通过感知低温信号并快速启动低温应答，以降低低温胁迫对其损伤。近年来，低温潜在感受器和低温调控网络逐渐被解析。植物可以在多个层面感知低温信号，但具体机制依然不清楚。当植物感知低温信号后，一些低温诱导的次级信号分子（如钙离子和活性氧）被植物解码并传递，以激活下游低温应答基因表达。同时，蛋白翻译后修饰可调控蛋白活性和稳定性，在植物早期低温信号传递中起关键作用。本文重点阐述植物感知和传递低温早期信号的分子机制，并讨论和展望低温胁迫领域面临的挑战及研究方向。

关键词: 低温胁迫, 低温信号感知与转导, 次级信号分子, 蛋白翻译后修饰

Abstract:

Cold stress is an important environmental stress affecting plant growth, development and crop productivity. Plants sense the low temperature signal and quickly initiate the low temperature response to reduce the damage caused by low temperature stress. Recent studies have revealed the low-temperature potential sensors and complex regulatory network in plant cold stress responses. Plants may perceive cold signal at multiple levels; however, the detailed mechanisms remain unclear. Cold-induced second messengers such as Ca²⁺ signal and ROS are decoded, thereby activating the expressions of cold-responded genes. Moreover, protein post-translational modifications（PTMs）regulate protein activity and stability and play critical roles in early cold signal transduction in plants. Here, we focus on the molecular mechanism of plant perception and transmission of low temperature early signals, and discusses and looks forward to the challenges and research directions in the field of low temperature stress.

Key words: cold stress, cold signal perception and transduction, second messengers, protein post-translational modifications

张晓燕, 杨淑华, 丁杨林. 植物感知和传递低温信号的分子机制[J]. 生物技术通报, 2023, 39(11): 28-35.

ZHANG Xiao-yan, YANG Shu-hua, DING Yang-lin. Molecular Mechanism of Cold Signal Perception and Transduction in Plants[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2023, 39(11): 28-35.

图/表 2

图1 拟南芥低温钙信号的感知与传递

Fig. 1 Decoding and transduction of cold-induced Ca2+ signal in Arabidopsis

图2 蛋白翻译后修饰介导的低温应答 A: 蛋白激酶OST1介导的磷酸化修饰增强植物耐冻性；B: PUB25和PUB26动态调控低温下CBFs基因表达

Fig. 2 Protein post-translational modifications involved in plant cold stress responses A: The phosphorylation modification mediated by the protein kinase OST1 enhances plant freezing tolerance. B: PUB25 and PUB26 dynamically regulate the expression of CBFs under cold stress

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