轮作与连作对烟草根际土壤养分、酶活性及微生物群落结构的影响

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2024-0645

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的烟草连续多年种植会导致土壤微生物生态环境恶化、病害加剧、品质降低等问题，而玉米‒烟草轮作可以有效缓解连作障碍。明确轮作与连作对吉烟9号根际土壤及微生态的影响，为缓解烟草连作障碍及农田土壤检测和修复提供理论支持。方法试验于2023年在吉林省通化市柳河县三源浦镇烟草种植示范田进行，以玉米‒烟草轮作、烟草连作的根际土壤为研究对象。测定轮作与连作土壤养分及酶活力，基于16S rDNA和ITS序列，解析微生物群落结构及多样性。结果轮作显著提高根际土壤的全氮、速效钾、有机质含量以及脲酶、蛋白酶活性，显著降低过氧化物酶活性。与连作相比，轮作显著提高根际土壤细菌群落多样性和丰富度；而2种耕作模式下的真菌群落多样性无明显差异，连作使根际土壤真菌的丰富度显著提高（P<0.05）。轮作模式下芽单胞菌属（Gemmatimonas）相对丰度显著高于连作，而连作与轮作相比，青霉菌属（Penicillium）、星座革菌属（Asterostroma）、镰刀菌属（Fusarium）等真菌相对丰度显著增加。连作诱导氧化磷酸化、丙酮酸代谢相关的微生物群落在烟草根际富集，轮作能够促进硝酸盐还原和芳香化合物降解等功能相关的微生物的聚集，促进土壤养分循环且对潜在致病菌有抑制作用。芽单胞菌属与全氮、速效钾、有机质含量及脲酶、蛋白酶活性呈正相关性。星座革菌属、青霉菌属、镰刀菌属与全磷含量及过氧化物酶、磷酸酶活性呈正相关性。结论玉米‒烟草轮作可有效改善土壤肥力，使细菌更丰富，指示性有益细菌比例增加，而连作则导致病原菌大量滋生。致病真菌相对丰度的增加可能是导致烟草连作障碍发生的主要因素。

关键词: 烟草, 轮作, 连作, 土壤养分, 酶活力, 微生物结构

Abstract:

Objective Continuous planting of tobacco for many years will lead to the deterioration of soil microbial ecological environment, the aggravation of diseases and the reduction of quality, while corn-tobacco rotation can effectively alleviate the obstacles by continuous cropping. It is aimed to clarify the effects of rotating cropping and continuous cropping on rhizosphere soil and microecology of Jiyan 9, and to provide theoretical support for alleviating the obstacles by tobacco continuous cropping and farmland soil detection and restoration. Method The experiment was carried out in the tobacco planting demonstration field of Sanyuanpu town, Liuhe county, Tonghua city, Jilin province in 2023, and the rhizosphere soil of maize-tobacco rotation and tobacco continuous cropping was taken as the research object. The soil nutrients and enzyme activities of rotating croppng and continuous cropping were determined, and the microbial community structure and diversity were analyzed based on 16S rDNA and ITS sequences. Result Rotating cropping significantly increased the total nitrogen, available potassium, organic matter content, urease and protease activities in rhizosphere soil, and significantly reduced peroxidase activity. Compared with continuous cropping, rotating cropping significantly increased the diversity and richness of rhizosphere soil bacterial community. There was no significant difference in fungal community diversity between the two planting modes, and continuous cropping significantly increased the richness of rhizosphere soil fungi (P<0.05).The relative abundance of Gematimonas in the rotating cropping mode was significantly higher than that in continuous cropping, and the relative abundance of fungi such as Penisilium, Astrostroma and Fusariumsignificantly increased in continuous cropping compared with rotating cropping. Continuous cropping induced the enrichment of oxidative phosphorylation,pyruvate metabolism related microbial communities in the rhizosphere of tobacco. Rotating cropping can promote the aggregation of functionally related microorganisms such as nitrate reduction and aromatic compound degradation, promote soil nutrient cycling, and inhibit potential pathogenic bacteria. Gemmatimonas was positively correlated with total nitrogen, available potassium, organic matter content, urease and protease activities. Penicillium, Asterostroma, Fusarium were positively correlated with total phosphorus content and peroxidase and phosphatase activities. Conclusion Maize-tobacco rotation can effectively improve soil fertility, make bacteria more abundant, and increase the proportion of indicator beneficial bacteria, while continuous cropping leads to a large number of pathogenic bacteria. The increase in the relative abundance of pathogenic fungi may be the main factor leading to the occurrence of tobacco continuous cropping disorder. This study provides theoretical support for alleviating tobacco continuous cropping obstacles and soil detection and remediation in farmland.

Key words: tobacco, rotating cropping, continuous cropping, soil nutrients, enzyme activity, microbial structure

赵春夺, 李玉娥, 刘友杰, 王新航, 赵伟, 黄永成, 李虎林, 姬文秀. 轮作与连作对烟草根际土壤养分、酶活性及微生物群落结构的影响[J]. 生物技术通报, 2025, 41(4): 312-322.

ZHAO Chun-duo, LI Yu-e, LIU You-jie, WANG Xin-hang, ZHAO Wei, HUANG Yong-cheng, LI Hu-lin, JI Wen-xiu. Effects of Rotating Cropping and Continuous Cropping on Soil Nutrients， Enzyme Activities and Microbial Community Structure of Rhizosphere Soil in Tobacco[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2025, 41(4): 312-322.

图/表 7

表1 土壤细菌和真菌扩增引物

Table 1 Amplified primers for soil bacteria and fungi

目的基因 Target gene	引物 Primer	引物序列 Primer sequence （5′‒3′）
16S rRNA（V3+V4）	338F	ACTCCTACGGGAGGCAGCA
16S rRNA（V3+V4）	806R	GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT
ITS	ITS1F	CTTGGTCATTTAGAGGAAGTAA
ITS	ITS4	TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC

图1 不同种植模式下土壤养分和酶活性差异MR：玉米‒烟草轮作；TC：烟草连作。*：P<0.05；**：P<0.01。下同

Fig. 1 Differences in soil nutrients and enzyme activities under different planting patternsMR: Corn-tobacco rotation. TC: Tobacco continuous cropping. *: P<0.05; **: P<0.01. The same below

图2 不同种植模式根际土壤细菌和真菌群落多样性A：细菌Simpson指数；B：细菌Shannon指数；C：细菌ACE指数；D：细菌Chao1指数；E：真菌Simpson指数；F：真菌Shannon指数；G：真菌Ace指数；H：真菌Chao1指数；I：细菌Venn图；J：真菌Venn图；K：细菌PCA分析；L：真菌PCA分析。***：P<0.001

Fig. 2 Diversity of bacterial and fungal communities in rhizosphere soil under different planting patternsA: Bacterial Simpson index. B: Bacterial Shannon index. C: Bacterial Ace index. D: Bacterial Chao1 index. E: Fungal Simpson index. F: Fungal Shannon index. G: Fungal ACE index. H: Fungal Chao1 index. I: Bacterial Venn diagram. J: Fungi Venn diagram. K: Bacteria PCA analysis. l: Fungal PCA analysis. ***: P<0.001

图3 不同种植模式下门水平细菌和真菌相对丰度以及差异物种A：细菌相对丰度；B：真菌相对丰度；C：细菌差异物种；D：真菌差异物种

Fig. 3 Relative abundance of bacteria and fungi and differential species at the phylum level under different planting patternsA: Relative abundance of bacteria. B: Relative abundance of fungi. C: Bacterial differential species. D: Fungal differential species

图4 不同种植模式下属水平细菌和真菌相对丰度以及差异物种A：细菌相对丰度；B：真菌相对丰度；C：细菌差异物种；D：真菌差异物种

Fig. 4 Relative abundance of bacteria and fungi and differential species at the subordinate levels of different planting patternsA: Relative abundance of bacteria. B: Relative abundance of fungi. C: Bacterial differential species. D: Fungal differential species

图5 不同种植模式下环境因子与微生物群落的关系A：细菌属水平与土壤养分的冗余分析；B：真菌属水平与土壤养分的冗余分析；C：细菌属水平与酶活力的冗余分析；D：真菌属水平与酶活力的冗余分析

Fig. 5 Relationship between environmental factors and microbial communities under different planting patternsA: Redundancy analysis of bacterial level and soil nutrients. B: Redundant analysis of fungal genus level and soil nutrients. C: Redundancy analysis of bacterial level and enzyme activity. D: Redundant analysis of fungal genus level and enzyme activity

图6 微生物功能组成与土壤性质之间的关联分析A：细菌；B：真菌

Fig. 6 Correlation analysis between microbial functional composition and soil propertiesA: Bacteria. B: Fungus

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