玉米多肽的制备及其抗氧化、抗疲劳功效

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2025-0632

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的玉米黄粉是玉米加工后的主要副产物，含有丰富的蛋白质，除了少部分被当成饲料使用外，大部分被作为废弃物丢弃。以玉米黄粉为原料，将其制备成肽类新产品，以期减少环境污染和蛋白资源的严重浪费。方法利用碱提法提取玉米黄粉中的蛋白质，建立双酶复合一步水解制备兼具抗疲劳和抗氧化的玉米多肽方法。结果碱性蛋白酶和风味蛋白酶是水解玉米蛋白的最佳水解酶，其双酶最佳水解工艺条件为：酶添加量18%，酶配比（碱性蛋白酶∶风味蛋白酶）2∶1，酶解pH值8.0，酶解温度60 ℃，酶解时间3.5 h，在此条件下水解度最高为53.45%，比优化前提高12.85%。所制备的玉米多肽表现出较好的抗氧化功效，其自由基清除能力在一定浓度下与谷胱甘肽相当。小鼠抗疲劳实验表明，与对照组相比，饲喂低/高剂量玉米多肽的小鼠的肝糖原含量分别提高了37.88%和36.50%，肌糖原含量分别提高了59.52%和45.23%，肝组织的乳酸脱氢酶活力分别提高了20.51%和14.78%，血清中尿素氮含量分别降低了21.23%和17.95%，血乳酸含量分别降低了25.52%和24.04%。结论玉米多肽可以增强小鼠的抗疲劳效果，主要是通过提高能源物质储备、减轻代谢废物累积及抑制LDH外渗来实现，并且玉米多肽的抗疲劳效果随着给药剂量的增加而增强，具有一定的量效关系。

关键词: 玉米黄粉, 双酶水解, 玉米多肽, 抗氧化, 抗疲劳

Abstract:

Objective Corn yellow powder is the main by-product from corn processing, which is rich in protein. Except a small part of it is used as feed, most of it is discarded as waste. In order to reduce environmental pollution and serious waste of protein resources, corn yellow powder was used as raw material to prepare new peptide products. Method Protein was extracted from corn gluten meal by alkaline extraction, and a method of preparing corn polypeptide with anti-fatigue and anti-oxidation by one-step hydrolysis with double enzymes was established. Result Alkaline protease and flavor protease are the best hydrolysis enzymes for corn protein. The optimal hydrolysis conditions of the two enzymes are as follows: Enzyme dosage 18%, enzyme ratio (alkaline protease: flavor protease) 2:1, enzymolysis pH 8.0, enzymolysis temperature 60 ℃ and enzymolysis time 3.5 h. Under these conditions, the highest degree of hydrolysis is 53.45%, which is 12.85% higher than that before optimization. The prepared corn polypeptide shows good antioxidant effect, and its free radical scavenging ability is equivalent to glutathione at a certain concentration. Anti-fatigue experiments in mice shows that, compared with the control group, the liver glycogen content, muscle glycogen content, liver lactate dehydrogenase activity and serum urea nitrogen content of mice fed with low/high doses of corn polypeptide increase by 37.88% and 36.50%, 59.52% and 45.23%, 20.51% and 14.78% respectively, and decrease by 21.23% and 17.95% respectively. Conclusion Corn polypeptide can enhance the anti-fatigue effect on mice, which is mainly achieved by improving the energy material reserve, reducing the accumulation of metabolic waste and inhibiting LDH extravasation. The anti-fatigue effect of corn polypeptide is enhanced with the increase of dosage, with a certain dose-effect relationship.

Key words: corn yellow meal, double enzyme hydrolysis, corn polypeptide, antioxidant, anti-fatigue

王中杰, 孙虎, 刘朋, 高洪增, 崔建东. 玉米多肽的制备及其抗氧化、抗疲劳功效[J]. 生物技术通报, 2025, 41(11): 201-211.

WANG Zhong-jie, SUN Hu, LIU Peng, GAO Hong-zeng, CUI Jian-dong. Preparation of Corn Polypeptide and Its Antioxidant and Anti-fatigue Effects[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2025, 41(11): 201-211.

图/表 6

图1 标准品分子量-保留时间标准曲线

Fig. 1 Molecular weight (Mw) -retention time standard curve of standard substance

图2 蛋白酶及水解方式对蛋白水解的影响碱性＋风味、风味＋碱性为双酶分步水解，双酶混合为碱性、风味两种酶混合一步水解

Fig. 2 Effects of protease and hydrolysis mode on protein hydrolysisAlkalinity+flavor, flavor+alkalinity are two-enzyme step hydrolysis, and two-enzyme mixing is one-step hydrolysis of alkaline and flavor

图3 水解条件对蛋白水解度的影响

Fig. 3 Effect of hydrolysis conditions on protein hydrolysis degree

图4 GSH与玉米多肽的还原能力及自由基清除能力A：还原力的测定；B：DPPH自由基清除能力；C：ABTS自由基清除能力；D：羟基自由基清除能力；E：超氧阴离子自由基清除能力

Fig. 4 Reducing ability and free radical scavenging ability of GSH and corn polypeptideA: Determination of reducing power. B: DPPH radical scavenging ability. C: ABTS free radical scavenging ability. D: Scavenging ability of hydroxyl radical. E: Scavenging ability of superoxide anion radical

表1 多肽分子量分布及占比

Table 1 Molecular weight distribution and proportion of polypeptide

样品名称

Sample name

各峰保留时间

Retention time of each peak （min）

相对分子质量分布

Relative molecular mass distribution （Da）

峰面积所占比例

Proportion of peak area （%）

玉米蛋白肽

Corn protein peptide

18.770-19.146

17.470-18.770

14.380-17.470

912-1 071

1 071-1 819

1 819-6 511

42.23

37.26

15.82

图5 小鼠耐力及生化指标检测*表示与对照组相比差异性显著（P<0.05），**表示与对照组相比差异性极显著（P<0.01）A：小鼠体重；B：负重游泳时间；C：尿素氮含量；D：乳酸脱氢酶含量；E：血乳酸含量；F：糖原含量

Fig. 5 Detection of endurance and biochemical indexes in mice* indicates significant difference compared with the control group (P<0.05), and ** indicates extremely significant difference compared with the control group (P<0.01). A: Body weight of mice. B: Swimming time with load. C: Urea nitrogen content. D: Lactate dehydrogenase content. E: Blood lactic acid content. F: Glycogen content

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