关于双链特异性核酸酶介导的生物传感器研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2017-0786

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 双链特异性核酸酶（DSN酶）是一种能高效识别并酶切完全互补配对的DNA双链或者DNA/RNA 杂交双链中的DNA链,而对单链DNA和单/双链RNA几乎没有作用的核酸酶,所以DSN酶在生物和医学等领域有着广泛的应用。目前,基于DSN 酶对单双链核酸不同的切割特点,搭载不同的信号输出及扩增方式,已经建立了一系列生物传感技术,如比色法、荧光法及电化学法等。实现了miRNAs、mRNA及重金属离子等一系列生物标志物及食品安全风险因子的检测。另外,DSN酶与新兴纳米材料搭载的纳米传感器也在RNA等物质传感中显示出了极大的分析优势。首先从结构、性质和切割方式3个方面介绍了DSN酶,并对近年来基于DSN酶介导的、具有代表性的生物传感器的组建及应用情况进行了综述,主要是根据不同的信号输出方法对DSN酶介导的核酸传感器进行归类综述,包括光学传感器、电化学传感器和光磁传感器等。具体综述内容包括,详细地阐述了各种传感器的传感原理,综合比较了各传感器的检测范围及检测灵敏度等,同时还归纳了目前DSN酶介导的生物传感器能够检测的靶物质类型,有助于人们以后对DSN酶更深层次的使用。最后,对DSN酶介导的生物传感器目前存在的不足及今后的发展趋势进行了展望,旨在指导人们在未来使用DSN酶介导的生物传感器中能避免相关问题,研发出更快捷、更方便、灵敏度更高的生物传感器。

关键词: DSN酶, 比色法, 荧光法, 电化学, 生物传感器

Abstract: Duplex-specific nuclease（DSN）is a kind of protein enzyme that can effectively identify and cleave double-stranded DNA or DNA strand of hybridized DNA/RNA complex,but not affect the single strand DNA and single/double strand RNA. Thus,the DSN has been widely used in the areas of biology and medicine. Based on the property of DSN specifically cleaving DNA and RNA and equipped with signal output and different amplification,a series of biological sensing technology,such as colorimetric method,fluorescent method,electrochemical method,etc.,have been established. By these methods a series of biomarkers and food safety risk factors,like miRNAs,mRNA and heavy metal ions,may be detected. In addition,DSN-mediated biosensors with emerging nanomaterial also display a great advantage in analyzing the RNA and other material sensing. Firstly,we present an overview of the basic knowledge of DSNs,including the structure,properties and cleaving ways. Secondly,we give a classified overview of DSN-mediated biosensor based on the various readout signals,like optical sensors,electrochemical sensors and magnetic sensors,etc. The detailed contents covered the principles of varied sensors,and the detection ranges and sensitivity of each method;meanwhile,the types of all the targets that can be detected by DSN-mediated biosensors are summarized,expecting that this is conducive to further deeply apply DSN. Finally,the disadvantages of the DSN-mediated biosensors are summarized and the future development trend is prospected,aimed at guiding people to avoid relevant problems in the future when they use the DSN-mediated biosensors,and to develop faster,more convenient and more sensitive biosensors.

Key words: duplex-specific nuclease, colorimetric, fluorescence, electrochemical, biosensor

肖星凝, 朱龙佼, 李相阳, 罗云波, 许文涛. 关于双链特异性核酸酶介导的生物传感器研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2018, 34(9): 39-47.

XIAO Xing-ning, ZHU Long-jiao, LI Xiang-yang, LUO Yun-bo, XU Wen-tao. Research Progress on Duplex-specific Nuclease Mediated Biosensors[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2018, 34(9): 39-47.

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