甘草酸和甘草苷生物合成与调控的研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-1249

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

甘草是一种被多个国家药典收录的常用中草药，由豆科甘草属特定物种的根和匍匐茎炮制而成。甘草含有丰富的次生代谢物和多种活性成分，具有抗肿瘤、抗菌、抗病毒、抗炎和增强免疫等多方疗效。甘草酸和甘草苷是甘草最重要的活性物质。近年来甘草酸和甘草苷的生物合成和调控的研究进展突出。为此，本文综述了甘草中甘草酸和甘草苷的生物合成途径，以及非生物胁迫、生物因素对合成通路调控的研究进展；也对甘草酸和甘草苷的生物合成及调控的未来研究提出展望，以期对该领域的未来发展带来一定帮助。

关键词: 甘草, 生物合成, 调控, 甘草酸, 甘草苷

Abstract:

Licorice（Gan-Cao）is a popular herbal medicine derived from the dried roots and stolons of special species in the genus Glycyrrhiza（Fabaceae）and is recorded in the pharmacopoeias of many countries. Various critical secondary metabolites provide licorice many important pharmaceutical activities, such as antitumor, antibacterial, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, and immunostimulatory. Glycyrrhizic acid and liquiritin are the most important bioactive compounds in licorice. In recent years, the biosynthesis and regulation of glycyrrhizic acid and liquiritin in licorice have been well-studied. In this review, we introduce the biosynthetic pathways of glycyrrhizic acid and liquiritin, and summarize progress of the regulation of glycyrrhizic acid and liquiritin biosynthesis. At last, we propose future perspectives for studying the biosynthesis and regulation of glycyrrhizic acid and liquiritin in licorice.

Key words: licorice, biosynthesis, regulation, glycyrrhizic acid, liquiritin

周定定, 李辉虎, 汤兴涌, 余发新, 孔丹宇, 刘毅. 甘草酸和甘草苷生物合成与调控的研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2023, 39(5): 44-53.

ZHOU Ding-ding, LI Hui-hu, TANG Xing-yong, YU Fa-xin, KONG Dan-yu, LIU Yi. Research Progress in the Biosynthesis and Regulation of Glycyrrhizic Acid and Liquiritin[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2023, 39(5): 44-53.

图/表 6

参考文献 68

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类型Category	影响因素Affecting factors	对甘草酸含量影响Effect on glycyrrhizic acid content	参考文献References
非生物胁迫 Abiotic stress	低温胁迫 Low temperature stress 光照 Light	低温处理提高甘草酸含量一倍	[33] [34]
	低温胁迫 Low temperature stress 光照 Light	红光，低强度和高强度UV-B处理都提高甘草酸苷	[33] [34]
		低光强增加甘草酸含量，100 μmol m^-2 s^-1的光照下甘草酸浓度最高	[35]
	干旱胁迫 Drought stress	适度干旱提高甘草酸含量和总量，严重干旱提高甘草酸含量，降低甘草酸总量	[36⇓⇓⇓-40]
	干旱胁迫 Drought stress	10% PEG6000处理提高改良霍格兰营养液培养的甘草的甘草酸含量，10%和20% PEG6000处理降低1/2MS营养液培养的甘草的甘草酸含量	[41⇓-43]
	盐胁迫 Salt stress	盐胁迫（NaCl）诱导SQS、β-AS和CYP88D6的表达，提高甘草酸含量	[44⇓⇓-47]
	盐胁迫 Salt stress	复合盐胁迫（NaCl、CaCl₂和MgSO₄）抑制甘草酸积累	[48]
	营养胁迫 Nutritional stress	高磷促进甘草酸积累	[41]
	营养胁迫 Nutritional stress	缺Mn处理降低甘草酸积累土壤中总钾含量与甘草酸含量呈负相关	[49] [50]
生物因素 Biotic factors	根瘤菌Rhizobacteria Mesorhizobium sp J8	接种J8后，甘草酸含量提高到3.2倍	[51]
	丛枝菌根真菌 Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Glomus mosseae	接种Glomus mosseae甘草酸含量增加3-9倍	[52]
	酵母Yeast Meyerozyma guilliermondii	接种M. guilliermondii后，甘草酸含量比对照高5.3倍	[53]
	酵母Yeast Pichia pastoris	接种Pichia pastoris后甘草酸浓度提高3.89倍	[13]

类型Category	影响因素Affecting factors	对甘草酸含量影响Effect on glycyrrhizic acid content	参考文献References
非生物胁迫 Abiotic stress	低温胁迫 Low temperature stress 光照 Light	低温处理提高甘草酸含量一倍	[33] [34]
	低温胁迫 Low temperature stress 光照 Light	红光，低强度和高强度UV-B处理都提高甘草酸苷	[33] [34]
		低光强增加甘草酸含量，100 μmol m^-2 s^-1的光照下甘草酸浓度最高	[35]
	干旱胁迫 Drought stress	适度干旱提高甘草酸含量和总量，严重干旱提高甘草酸含量，降低甘草酸总量	[36⇓⇓⇓-40]
	干旱胁迫 Drought stress	10% PEG6000处理提高改良霍格兰营养液培养的甘草的甘草酸含量，10%和20% PEG6000处理降低1/2MS营养液培养的甘草的甘草酸含量	[41⇓-43]
	盐胁迫 Salt stress	盐胁迫（NaCl）诱导SQS、β-AS和CYP88D6的表达，提高甘草酸含量	[44⇓⇓-47]
	盐胁迫 Salt stress	复合盐胁迫（NaCl、CaCl₂和MgSO₄）抑制甘草酸积累	[48]
	营养胁迫 Nutritional stress	高磷促进甘草酸积累	[41]
	营养胁迫 Nutritional stress	缺Mn处理降低甘草酸积累土壤中总钾含量与甘草酸含量呈负相关	[49] [50]
生物因素 Biotic factors	根瘤菌Rhizobacteria Mesorhizobium sp J8	接种J8后，甘草酸含量提高到3.2倍	[51]
	丛枝菌根真菌 Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Glomus mosseae	接种Glomus mosseae甘草酸含量增加3-9倍	[52]
	酵母Yeast Meyerozyma guilliermondii	接种M. guilliermondii后，甘草酸含量比对照高5.3倍	[53]
	酵母Yeast Pichia pastoris	接种Pichia pastoris后甘草酸浓度提高3.89倍	[13]

类型Category	影响因素Factors	对甘草苷含量影响Effect on liquiritin content	参考文献References
非生物胁迫 Abiotic stress	光照 Light	低光强（100 μmol m^-2 s^-1）增加甘草苷含量	[35]
	干旱胁迫 Drought stress	适度干旱提高甘草苷含量	[36]
	盐胁迫 Salt stress	盐处理上调PAL、C4H、4CL、CHS、GuUGT2和GuUGT3等甘草苷表达，促进甘草苷生成	[32,54]
	营养胁迫 Nutritional stress	高磷提高甘草苷浓度	[41]
		缺Mn处理下显著降低甘草苷含量	[49]
		土壤中总钾含量与甘草苷浓度呈显著负相关	[50]
生物因素 Biotic factor	丛枝菌根真菌 Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Rhizophagus irregularis	接种R. irregularis后促进CHS的表达，增加甘草苷浓度	[55]

类型Category	影响因素Factors	对甘草苷含量影响Effect on liquiritin content	参考文献References
非生物胁迫 Abiotic stress	光照 Light	低光强（100 μmol m^-2 s^-1）增加甘草苷含量	[35]
	干旱胁迫 Drought stress	适度干旱提高甘草苷含量	[36]
	盐胁迫 Salt stress	盐处理上调PAL、C4H、4CL、CHS、GuUGT2和GuUGT3等甘草苷表达，促进甘草苷生成	[32,54]
	营养胁迫 Nutritional stress	高磷提高甘草苷浓度	[41]
		缺Mn处理下显著降低甘草苷含量	[49]
		土壤中总钾含量与甘草苷浓度呈显著负相关	[50]
生物因素 Biotic factor	丛枝菌根真菌 Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Rhizophagus irregularis	接种R. irregularis后促进CHS的表达，增加甘草苷浓度	[55]