乳腺生物反应器的表达优化策略

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-1150

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

乳腺生物反应器是指将外源基因导入动物基因组并在动物乳腺中特异性表达，利用动物乳腺合成、分泌蛋白的功能，在其乳汁中获得外源蛋白的技术。乳腺生物反应器凭借其高表达、低成本以及合成蛋白质的结构接近天然蛋白质等优势而被视为药用和营养蛋白生产的一次技术革新，然而由于外源基因随机整合以及重组蛋白表达不稳定等问题极大地限制了其应用。本文结合乳腺生物反应器的发展现状，从利用基因编辑技术、筛选合适的外源基因整合位点以及改进外源基因调控序列3个方面对乳腺生物反应器优化策略进行了综述，以期为提高乳腺生物反应器生产重组蛋白的表达提供理论借鉴。

关键词: 乳腺生物反应器, 染色质开放性, 定向整合, CRISPR/Cas9, 调控序列, 打靶位点

Abstract:

Mammary gland bioreactor refers to the technology of importing foreign genes into animal genomes which express specifically in animal mammary gland, and using the function of synthesizing and secreting proteins of mammary glands to obtain recombinant proteins in the milk. Mammary gland bioreactor is regarded as a technological innovation for the production of medicinal protein and nutritional protein in the bio-pharmaceutical industry due to its advantages of high expression, low cost and synthesized protein being close to natural proteins in structure. However, due to the random integration of foreign genes and unstable expression of recombinant proteins, its application is largely limited. Based on the current development status of mammary gland bioreactor, this paper reviewed the optimization strategies of mammary gland bioreactor from three perspectives: using gene editing technology, screening suitable foreign gene integration sites and improving the regulatory sequence of exogenous proteins, so as to provide theoretical reference for improving the expression of recombinant protein produced by mammary gland bioreactor

Key words: mammary gland bioreactor, chromatin accessibility, site-specific integration, CRISPR/Cas9, regulatory element, target site

刘晓燕, 祝振亮, 史广宇, 华梓宇, 杨晨, 张涌, 刘军. 乳腺生物反应器的表达优化策略[J]. 生物技术通报, 2023, 39(5): 77-91.

LIU Xiao-yan, ZHU Zhen-liang, SHI Guang-yu, HUA Zi-yu, YANG Chen, ZHANG Yong, LIU Jun. Strategies to Optimize the Expression of Mammary Gland Bioreactor[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2023, 39(5): 77-91.

图/表 3

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重组蛋白 Recombinant protein	物种 Species	表达含量 Expression content /（μg·mL^-1）	时间/年 Time/Year	参考文献 References
溶菌酶Lysozym	奶牛Bovine	3 100	2016	[5]
人乳铁蛋白Human lactoferrin	山羊Capra hircus	3 200	2015	[6]
人血清白蛋白HSA	奶牛Bovine	2 500	2016	[7]
抗胰蛋白酶AAT	绵羊Ovis aries	650	2000	[8]
重组人纤溶酶原激活物 Recombinant human plasminogen activator	兔Leporidae	15.2-630	2016	[9]
凝血因子VIII FVlll	小鼠Mus musculus	1 000-4 000	2015	[10]
凝血因子IX FIX	猪Sus	100-400	2008	[11]
促红细胞生成素EPO	山羊Capra hircus	未报道Not reported	2002	[12]
人C1抑制剂Human C1 inhibitor	兔Leporidae	未报道Not reported	2003	[13]
人酸性α-葡萄糖苷酶 Human acid alpha-glucosidase	小鼠Mus musculus	1.5	1996	[14]
粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子GM-CSF	小鼠Mus musculus	200-4 600	1997	[15]
重组人抗凝血酶Recombinant human antithrombin	山羊Capra hircus	未报道Not reported	1998	[16]
人尿激酶Human urokinase	小鼠Mus musculus	1 000-2 000	1990	[17]
胰岛素样生长因子-1 IGF-1	兔Leporidae	1 000	1992	[18]
铜/锌超氧化物歧化酶、细胞外超氧化物歧化酶 CuZn-SOD、EC-SOD	山羊Capra hircus	100.14 ± 5.09、279.10 ± 5.38	2018	[19]
卵泡刺激素FSHα、FSHβ	山羊Capra hircus	0.28、0.30	2021	[20]
芳基烷基胺N-乙酰转移酶、乙酰5-羟色胺甲基转移酶AANAT、ASMT	绵羊Ovis aries	未报道Not reported	2017	[21]
葡糖脑苷脂酶Glucocerebrosidase	山羊Capra hircus	111.1 ± 8.1	2015	[22]
人蛋白C Human protein C	猪Sus	100-1 000	1994	[23]
抗程序性细胞死亡1抗体PD-1 antibody	小鼠Mus musculus	80.52 ± 0.82	2020	[24]
丁酰胆碱酯酶Butyrylcholinesterase	山羊Capra hircus	1 000-5 000	2008	[25]
生长激素Growth hormone	兔Leporidae	10	2012	[26]
胶原Collagen	小鼠Mus musculus	200	2000	[27]
抗CD20单克隆抗体Anti-CD20 mAB	小鼠Mus musculus	17	2008	[28]

重组蛋白 Recombinant protein	物种 Species	表达含量 Expression content /（μg·mL^-1）	时间/年 Time/Year	参考文献 References
溶菌酶Lysozym	奶牛Bovine	3 100	2016	[5]
人乳铁蛋白Human lactoferrin	山羊Capra hircus	3 200	2015	[6]
人血清白蛋白HSA	奶牛Bovine	2 500	2016	[7]
抗胰蛋白酶AAT	绵羊Ovis aries	650	2000	[8]
重组人纤溶酶原激活物 Recombinant human plasminogen activator	兔Leporidae	15.2-630	2016	[9]
凝血因子VIII FVlll	小鼠Mus musculus	1 000-4 000	2015	[10]
凝血因子IX FIX	猪Sus	100-400	2008	[11]
促红细胞生成素EPO	山羊Capra hircus	未报道Not reported	2002	[12]
人C1抑制剂Human C1 inhibitor	兔Leporidae	未报道Not reported	2003	[13]
人酸性α-葡萄糖苷酶 Human acid alpha-glucosidase	小鼠Mus musculus	1.5	1996	[14]
粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子GM-CSF	小鼠Mus musculus	200-4 600	1997	[15]
重组人抗凝血酶Recombinant human antithrombin	山羊Capra hircus	未报道Not reported	1998	[16]
人尿激酶Human urokinase	小鼠Mus musculus	1 000-2 000	1990	[17]
胰岛素样生长因子-1 IGF-1	兔Leporidae	1 000	1992	[18]
铜/锌超氧化物歧化酶、细胞外超氧化物歧化酶 CuZn-SOD、EC-SOD	山羊Capra hircus	100.14 ± 5.09、279.10 ± 5.38	2018	[19]
卵泡刺激素FSHα、FSHβ	山羊Capra hircus	0.28、0.30	2021	[20]
芳基烷基胺N-乙酰转移酶、乙酰5-羟色胺甲基转移酶AANAT、ASMT	绵羊Ovis aries	未报道Not reported	2017	[21]
葡糖脑苷脂酶Glucocerebrosidase	山羊Capra hircus	111.1 ± 8.1	2015	[22]
人蛋白C Human protein C	猪Sus	100-1 000	1994	[23]
抗程序性细胞死亡1抗体PD-1 antibody	小鼠Mus musculus	80.52 ± 0.82	2020	[24]
丁酰胆碱酯酶Butyrylcholinesterase	山羊Capra hircus	1 000-5 000	2008	[25]
生长激素Growth hormone	兔Leporidae	10	2012	[26]
胶原Collagen	小鼠Mus musculus	200	2000	[27]
抗CD20单克隆抗体Anti-CD20 mAB	小鼠Mus musculus	17	2008	[28]

打靶位点 Target site	物种 Species	转基因 Transgenes	基因编辑技术 Gene editing technology	时间/年 Time/Year	参考文献 Referencet
Rosa26	绵羊Ovis aries	turboGFP	CRISPR/Cas9	2016	[42]
	猪Sus	tdTomato	TALENs	2014	[43]
	牛Bovine	自然抗性相关巨噬细胞蛋白1 NRAMP1	CRISPR/Cas9	2021	[44]
β-casein	牛Bovine	人成纤维细胞生长因2 Human fibroblast growth factor 2	CRISPR/Cas9	2015	[45]
	绵羊Ovis aries	芳基烷基胺N-乙酰转移酶、乙酰5-羟色胺甲基转移酶AANAT、ASMT	CRISPR/Cas9	2017	[21]
	奶牛Bovine	溶葡球菌酶Lysostaphin	ZFNickases	2013	[46]
BLG	奶牛Bovine	人血清白蛋白HSA	TALENs	2016	[7]
	山羊Capra hircus	人α-乳清蛋白Human α -whey protein	Homologous recombination	2019	[41]
	山羊Capra hircus	人乳铁蛋白Human lactoferrin	CRISPR/Cas9	2017	[47]
	山羊Capra hircus	人乳铁蛋白Human lactoferrin	CRISPR/Cas9	2020	[39]
Col1a1	绵羊Ovis aries	抗胰蛋白酶AAT	Homologous recombination	2000	[8]
AAVS1	山羊Capra hircus	转化生长因子-β1 TGF-beta1	TALENs	2014	[48]
H11	猪Sus	绿色荧光蛋白GFP	CRISPR/Cas9	2015	[49]

打靶位点 Target site	物种 Species	转基因 Transgenes	基因编辑技术 Gene editing technology	时间/年 Time/Year	参考文献 Referencet
Rosa26	绵羊Ovis aries	turboGFP	CRISPR/Cas9	2016	[42]
	猪Sus	tdTomato	TALENs	2014	[43]
	牛Bovine	自然抗性相关巨噬细胞蛋白1 NRAMP1	CRISPR/Cas9	2021	[44]
β-casein	牛Bovine	人成纤维细胞生长因2 Human fibroblast growth factor 2	CRISPR/Cas9	2015	[45]
	绵羊Ovis aries	芳基烷基胺N-乙酰转移酶、乙酰5-羟色胺甲基转移酶AANAT、ASMT	CRISPR/Cas9	2017	[21]
	奶牛Bovine	溶葡球菌酶Lysostaphin	ZFNickases	2013	[46]
BLG	奶牛Bovine	人血清白蛋白HSA	TALENs	2016	[7]
	山羊Capra hircus	人α-乳清蛋白Human α -whey protein	Homologous recombination	2019	[41]
	山羊Capra hircus	人乳铁蛋白Human lactoferrin	CRISPR/Cas9	2017	[47]
	山羊Capra hircus	人乳铁蛋白Human lactoferrin	CRISPR/Cas9	2020	[39]
Col1a1	绵羊Ovis aries	抗胰蛋白酶AAT	Homologous recombination	2000	[8]
AAVS1	山羊Capra hircus	转化生长因子-β1 TGF-beta1	TALENs	2014	[48]
H11	猪Sus	绿色荧光蛋白GFP	CRISPR/Cas9	2015	[49]

类型 Type	名称 Name	转基因 Transgene	表达系统 Expression system	参考文献 Reference
启动子 Promoter	β-lactoglobulin promoter	溶菌酶 Lysozyme	山羊乳腺生物反应器 Goat mammary gland bioreactor	[75]
	αS1-casein promoter	抗程序性细胞死亡1抗体 PD-1 antibody	小鼠乳腺生物反应器 Mouse mammary gland bioreactor	[24]
	CMV promoter	凝血因子Ⅷ FVlll	小鼠乳腺生物反应器 Mouse mammary gland bioreactor	[10]
增强子 Enhancer	CMV enhancer	人乳铁蛋白 Human lactoferrin	山羊乳腺生物反应器 Goat mammary gland bioreactor	[76]
增强子 Enhancer	CMV enhancer	人乳铁蛋白 Human lactoferrin	小鼠乳腺生物反应器 Mouse mammary gland bioreactor	[77]
内含子 Intron	β-casein intron	溶菌酶 Lysozyme	小鼠乳腺生物反应器 Mouse mammary gland bioreactor	[78]
内含子 Intron	SV40 intron	促红细胞生成素 EPO	中国仓鼠卵巢细胞 CHO cell	[79]
绝缘子 Insulator	β-lactoglobulin insulator	溶菌酶 Lysozyme	猪乳腺生物反应器 Porcine mammary gland bioreactor	[80]
	cHS4 insulator	人血清白蛋白 HSA	牛乳腺生物反应器 Cattle mammary gland bioreactor	[81]
	tDNA insulator	单克隆抗体 Monoclonal antibody	中国仓鼠卵巢细胞 CHO cell	[82]
MAR	MAR X-29	增强型绿色荧光蛋白 eGFP	中国仓鼠卵巢细胞 CHO cell	[83]
	Chicken lysozyme MAR	免疫球蛋白 G IgG	中国仓鼠卵巢细胞 CHO cell	[84]
	IFN-β MAR	促红细胞生成素、肝细胞生长因子 EPO，HGF	中国仓鼠卵巢细胞 CHO cell	[85]
	β-globin MAR	可溶性TGF-II型受体 sTbetaRII	中国仓鼠卵巢细胞 CHO cell	[86]
	TOP1 MAR	增强型绿色荧光蛋白 eGFP	中国仓鼠卵巢细胞 CHO cell	[87]
	DHFR intron MAR	增强型绿色荧光蛋白 eGFP	中国仓鼠卵巢细胞 CHO cell	[88]
	MAR6	增强型绿色荧光蛋白 eGFP	中国仓鼠卵巢细胞 CHO cell	[88]
UCOE	UCOE	绿色荧光蛋白 GFP	中国仓鼠卵巢细胞 CHO cell	[89]
STAR	STAR7	单克隆抗体 Monoclonal antibody	中国仓鼠卵巢细胞 CHO cell	[90]
	STAR67	单克隆抗体 Monoclonal antibody	中国仓鼠卵巢细胞 CHO cell	[90]
	STAR40	分泌碱性磷酸酶 SEAP	中国仓鼠卵巢细胞 CHO cell	[91]