微生物强化植物修复铅污染土壤的机制研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2023-0125

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

重金属铅（Pb）是造成土壤污染进而对生物安全构成严重威胁的重金属之一，微生物在缓解植物受Pb的毒害中发挥重要作用。与植物根际相互作用过程中，土壤微生物通过多种途径改善根际微生态环境促进植物对Pb的修复及降低Pb的毒害作用。聚焦了土壤微生物与重金属Pb生物化学作用过程，综述了微生物对植物修复Pb污染的作用机制，结论如下：（1）微生物细胞壁表面存在大量的结合位点和带负电荷的官能团，对Pb具有较强的吸附作用。（2）微生物在与重金属作用过程中，阳离子与重金属发生离子间的相互交换作用。（3）微生物通过代谢分泌胞外分泌物，与重金属形成稳定的Pb络合物。（4）微生物通过氧化还原反应改变或转化土壤中重金属的形态，或将Pb氧化还原为难溶沉淀，降低土壤重金属的毒性。（5）微生物分泌的生长激素可以促进植物生长发育，提高植物抗性，其代谢产物可以改善根际重金属的特性，促进植物对Pb的吸收或将Pb固定在植物根际以降低Pb对植物的毒害作用。对微生物吸附Pb的主要机理进行了全面讨论，总结了微生物联合植物修复Pb污染土壤中微生物与植物间的作用关系，为深入了解土壤重金属修复过程中植物、微生物、重金属三者间相互作用的机制提供依据。

关键词: 微生物, 植物修复, 铅, 植物促生, 重金属胁迫, 耐性机制

Abstract:

Lead（Pb）is one of the heavy metals that cause soil pollution and pose a serious threat to biological safety. Microorganisms play an important role in alleviating the toxicity of lead to plants. In the process of interacting with the rhizosphere, soil microorganisms improve the microecological environment of the rhizosphere and promote the repair of plants to lead and reduce the toxicity of lead by various means. This article focuses on the biochemical interaction between soil microorganisms and heavy metal lead, reviews the mechanism of microorganisms'role in repairing lead pollution in plants, and concludes as follows: 1）There are a large number of binding sites and negatively charged functional groups that have strong adsorption of lead on the cell walls of microorganisms. 2）Cations exchange ions with heavy metals in the process of interaction with heavy metals. 3）Microorganisms secret extracellular substances in metabolism, which form stable lead complexes with heavy metals. 4）The forms of heavy metals in soil are changed or transformed by oxidation-reduction reactions, or the lead are oxidized and reduced to insoluble precipitation, thus reducing the toxicity of heavy metals in soil. 5）The growth hormone secreted by microorganisms can promote the growth and development of plants, improve the resistance of plants, and its metabolic products can change the characteristics of heavy metals in the rhizosphere, which promotes the absorption of lead by plants or fix lead in the rhizosphere of plants to reduce the toxicity of lead to plants. A comprehensive discussion of the main mechanisms of lead adsorption by microorganisms was conducted, and the relationship between microorganisms and plants in the repair of lead pollution in soil was summarized, providing a basis for further understanding the interaction mechanism among plants, microorganisms and heavy metals in the process of soil heavy metal remediation.

Key words: microorganism, phytoremediation, lead, plant growth promotion, heavy metal stress, tolerance mechanisms

江润海, 姜冉冉, 朱城强, 侯秀丽. 微生物强化植物修复铅污染土壤的机制研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2023, 39(8): 114-125.

JIANG Run-hai, JIANG Ran-ran, ZHU Cheng-qiang, HOU Xiu-li. Research Progress in Mechanisms of Microbial-enhanced Phytoremediation for Lead-contaminated Soil[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2023, 39(8): 114-125.

图/表 2

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微生物群 Microbial group	微生物 Microbial	pH	温度 Temperature/℃	时间 Time/h	初始金属离子浓度 Initial metal ion concentration/（mg·L^-1）	吸附容量 Sorption capacity/（mg·g^-1）	参考文献 Reference
细菌 Bacteria	阴沟肠杆菌 Enterobacter cloacae	_	30.0	48.0	7.20	2.3	[20]
	黄色微球菌 Micrococcus luteus	7.0	27.0	12.0	272.3	1 965.0	[21]
	芽孢杆菌 Bacillus sp.	3.0	25.0	0.25	250.0	92.27	[22]
真菌 Fungi	灰霉病菌 Botrytis camera	4.0	25.0	1.50	350.0	107.1	[23]
	黄孢原毛平革菌 Phanerochaete chrysosporium	6.0	_	1.0	6 760.0	135.3	[24]
	黑曲霉 Aspergillus nige	4.5	30.0	1.0	100.0	34.4	[25]
藻类 Algae	粉红藻 Asparagopsis armata	4.0	_	2.0	124.0	63.7	[26]
	蠕虫球虫 Codium vermilion	5.0	_	2.0	83.0	63.3	[26]
	螺旋藻 Spirogyra sp.	5.0	25.0	1.6	200.0	140.8	[27]

微生物群 Microbial group	微生物 Microbial	pH	温度 Temperature/℃	时间 Time/h	初始金属离子浓度 Initial metal ion concentration/（mg·L^-1）	吸附容量 Sorption capacity/（mg·g^-1）	参考文献 Reference
细菌 Bacteria	阴沟肠杆菌 Enterobacter cloacae	_	30.0	48.0	7.20	2.3	[20]
	黄色微球菌 Micrococcus luteus	7.0	27.0	12.0	272.3	1 965.0	[21]
	芽孢杆菌 Bacillus sp.	3.0	25.0	0.25	250.0	92.27	[22]
真菌 Fungi	灰霉病菌 Botrytis camera	4.0	25.0	1.50	350.0	107.1	[23]
	黄孢原毛平革菌 Phanerochaete chrysosporium	6.0	_	1.0	6 760.0	135.3	[24]
	黑曲霉 Aspergillus nige	4.5	30.0	1.0	100.0	34.4	[25]
藻类 Algae	粉红藻 Asparagopsis armata	4.0	_	2.0	124.0	63.7	[26]
	蠕虫球虫 Codium vermilion	5.0	_	2.0	83.0	63.3	[26]
	螺旋藻 Spirogyra sp.	5.0	25.0	1.6	200.0	140.8	[27]