我国玉米超高产研究现状与展望

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2023-0555

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

玉米作为我国种植面积最大、总产最高的第一大粮食作物，对我国粮食安全、饲料保障都至关重要。在耕地资源日趋紧张的形势下，未来我国粮食扩大面积的空间有限，产能提升主要依靠单产提高。2023年中央一号文件明确提出要全力抓好粮食生产，开展吨粮田建设，实施玉米单产提升工程。玉米超高产是优良品种、生产条件和栽培管理技术等最高水平的体现，本文全面综述了我国玉米超高产研究的政策支持、高产纪录现状、超高产田的分布及气象特点、高产创建的技术要点。在此基础上，从增加科研投入加强新品种选育、加强栽培技术集成进行示范推广、加强农田基础设施建设等方面提出了我国玉米大面积高产创建的建议。

关键词: 玉米, 超高产, 政策, 品种, 技术措施

Abstract:

Maize, as the largest grain crop with the largest planting area and highest total yield in China, is crucial for food and feed security in China. In the increasingly tense situation of arable land resources, the space for expanding the area of crop in China is limited in the future, and the increase in crop production mainly relies on the increase in yield per unit area. In 2023, the No. 1 Central Document of the Central Government clearly proposed that we should pay full attention to grain production, carry out the construction of 1 t grain yield per 667 m², and implement the project of increasing maize yield per unit area. The super high yield of maize is the embodiment of the highest level of excellent cultivars, production conditions, and cultivation management techniques. This article comprehensively elaborates on the policy support, current status of high yield records, distribution and meteorological characteristics of super high yield fields, and technical key points for creating super high yield. On this basis, suggestions are put forward for the large-scale high-yield creation of maize in China, including increasing scientific research investment, strengthening the breeding of new cultivars, strengthening the integration of cultivation techniques for demonstration and promotion, and strengthening the construction of farmland infrastructure.

Key words: maize, super high yield, policy, cultivar, technical measures

刘月娥, 徐田军, 蔡万涛, 吕天放, 张勇, 薛洪贺, 王荣焕, 赵久然. 我国玉米超高产研究现状与展望[J]. 生物技术通报, 2023, 39(8): 52-61.

LIU Yue-e, XU Tian-jun, CAI Wan-tao, LYU Tian-fang, ZHANG Yong, XUE Hong-he, WANG Rong-huan, ZHAO Jiu-ran. Current Status and Prospects of Maize Super High Yield Research in China[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2023, 39(8): 52-61.

图/表 1

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时间Year	夏玉米 Summer maize			时间Year	春玉米 Spring maize
时间Year	品种Hybrid	产量Yield/（kg/亩）	地点Site	时间Year	品种Hybrid	产量Yield/（kg/亩）	地点Site
1979年	掖单2号	776.9	山东莱州	2009年	郑单958	1 360.1	新疆奇台
1986年	“8112*80104”夏玉米新组合	962.1		2011年	良玉66	1 385.4
1988年	“340*479”夏玉米新组合	1 008.9		2012年	良玉66	1 410.3
1989年	掖单13号	1 069.3		2013年	登海618	1 511.7
2005年	登海超试1号	1 402.9		2017年	MC670	1 517.1
2014年	登海661	1 335.8		2020年	MC670	1 663.3

时间Year	夏玉米 Summer maize			时间Year	春玉米 Spring maize
时间Year	品种Hybrid	产量Yield/（kg/亩）	地点Site	时间Year	品种Hybrid	产量Yield/（kg/亩）	地点Site
1979年	掖单2号	776.9	山东莱州	2009年	郑单958	1 360.1	新疆奇台
1986年	“8112*80104”夏玉米新组合	962.1		2011年	良玉66	1 385.4
1988年	“340*479”夏玉米新组合	1 008.9		2012年	良玉66	1 410.3
1989年	掖单13号	1 069.3		2013年	登海618	1 511.7
2005年	登海超试1号	1 402.9		2017年	MC670	1 517.1
2014年	登海661	1 335.8		2020年	MC670	1 663.3