种植密度对夏播玉米茎秆质量和根系表型性状的影响

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2023-0493

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以京农科728等24个我国玉米生产大面积推广种植品种为研究材料，设置6.0（D1）和9.0（D2）万株/hm²共两个种植密度处理，研究并明确不同种植密度条件下参试品种的茎秆力学和根系性状差异，为耐密高产品种选择和育种提供参考和指导。结果表明，（1）参试玉米品种的抗倒性存在较大差异，其中，以京2416为父本组配的京农科728等18个品种全生育期均未发生倒伏倒折，抗倒能力强；郑单958在生理成熟前未发生倒伏，而在生理成熟期D2密度下倒伏倒折率高达89.40%；先玉335在大喇叭口期发生根倒，倒伏率高达68.56%，生育后期未发生倒伏。（2）随种植密度增加，参试品种的株高、穗位高和穗位系数均呈升高趋势。以京2416为父本组配的京农科728等18个品种的株高、穗位高和穗位系数平均为272.13 cm、106.44 cm和39.11%，显著低于郑单958和先玉335。（3）随种植密度增加，参试品种的茎皮穿刺强度、茎秆抗折力、根系长度和根系干物重均呈降低趋势，平均为40.61 N/mm²、205.06 N、217.35 m/plant和14.29 g/plant；产量呈升高趋势，平均为11 724.48 kg/hm²。与郑单958和先玉335相比，以京2416为父本组配的京农科728等18个品种的茎皮穿刺强度、茎秆抗折力、根系长度、根系干物重和产量具有明显优势，且耐密抗倒性强，产量潜力高，是耐密高产型品种。

关键词: 种植密度, 夏播玉米, 茎秆质量, 根系表型性状, 影响

Abstract:

The experiment was carried out to provide useful reference and guidance for the selection and breeding of maize varieties with high-resistance to density and lodging. The 24 widely planted maize varieties were selected to compare the differences of stem qualities and root traits under two plant densities of 60 000（D1）and 90 000（D2）plants/hm². The results showed that: 1）The lodging resistances of the tested 24 maize varieties differed largely, no lodging occurred during the growth period for 18 varieties such as Jingnongke728 in which used Jing2416 as the male parent. The lodging rate of Zhengdan958 reached 89.4% at physiological maturity under D2 density, but no lodging before physiological maturity. The root lodging rate of Xianyu335 reached 68.56% at the V12 stage, and no lodging occurred during the last stage. 2）Plant heights, ear heights and ear height to plant height ratio of the tested 24 maize varieties increased with the increasing of plant density. Plant height, ear height and ear coefficient of 18 varieties such as Jingnongke728 in which used Jing2416 as the male parent averaged 272.13 cm, 106.44 cm and 39.11%, and significantly lower than those of Zhengdan958 and Xianyu335. 3）The rind penetration strength, snapping resistance, root length and dry weight of the tested 24 maize varieties averaged 40.61 N/mm², 205.06 N, 217.35 m/plant and 14.29 g/plant respectively, and decreased with the increasing of plant density; but the yield showed an increasing trend, with an average of 11 724.48 kg/hm². The rind penetration strength, snapping resistance, root length and dry weight of 18 varieties such as Jingnongke728 which used Jing2416 as the male parent had obvious advantages than those of Zhengdan958 and Xianyu335, and the varieties such as Jingnongke728 were the high-yield and density-tolerance varieties.

Key words: plant density, summer-sowed corn, stem quality, root phenotype traits, influence

张勇, 徐田军, 吕天放, 邢锦丰, 刘宏伟, 蔡万涛, 刘月娥, 赵久然, 王荣焕. 种植密度对夏播玉米茎秆质量和根系表型性状的影响[J]. 生物技术通报, 2023, 39(8): 70-79.

ZHANG Yong, XU Tian-jun, LYU Tian-fang, XING Jin-feng, LIU Hong-wei, CAI Wan-tao, LIU Yue-e, ZHAO Jiu-ran, WANG Rong-huan. Effects of Planting Density on the Stem Quality and Root Phenotypic Characters of Summer Sowing Maize[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2023, 39(8): 70-79.

图/表 7

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品种Variety		亲本自交系 Parental inbred
编号 ID	名称 Name	母本 Female parent	父本 Male parent
1	京农科728 Jingnongke728	京MC01 JingMC01	京2416 Jing2416
2	京农科828 Jingnongke828	京88 Jing88	京2416 Jing2416
3	MC121	京72464 Jing72464	京2416 Jing2416
4	鑫瑞25 Xinrui25	T12-4	T6（京2416 Jing2416）
5	现代59 Xiandai59	XD2458	京2416 Jing2416
6	硕秋518 Shuoqiu518	京B547 JingB547	京2416D Jing2416D
7	京科739 Jingke739	京5846 Jing5846	京2416 Jing2416
8	京农科736 Jingnongke736	京58-6 Jing58-6	京3719-274（京2416 Jing2416）
9	MC738	京724 Jing724	京2416 Jing2416
10	MC812	京B547 Jing B547	京2416 Jing2416
11	京科528 Jingke528	90110-2	J2437（京2416 Jing2416）
12	京科389 Jingke389	MC03	京2416 Jing2416
13	京单68 Jingdan68	CH8	京2416 Jing2416
14	京单58 Jingdan58	CH3	京2416 Jing2416
15	京单38 Jingdan38	京D9B JingD9B	京2416 Jing2416
16	丰乐303 Fengle303	京725 Jing725	京2416 Jing2416
17	NK718	京464 Jing464	京2416 Jing2416
18	MC565	XD3738	京2416 Jing2416
19	迪卡159 Dika159	HCL301	F0147Z
20	迪卡517 Dika517	D1798Z	HCL645
21	先玉023 Xianyu023	PH12P3	PH12RP
22	先玉688 Xianyu688	PHJEV	PHRKB
23	郑单958 Zhengdan958（CK1）	郑58 Zheng58	昌7-2 Chang7-2
24	先玉335 Xianyu335（CK2）	PH6WC	PH4CV

品种Variety		亲本自交系 Parental inbred
编号 ID	名称 Name	母本 Female parent	父本 Male parent
1	京农科728 Jingnongke728	京MC01 JingMC01	京2416 Jing2416
2	京农科828 Jingnongke828	京88 Jing88	京2416 Jing2416
3	MC121	京72464 Jing72464	京2416 Jing2416
4	鑫瑞25 Xinrui25	T12-4	T6（京2416 Jing2416）
5	现代59 Xiandai59	XD2458	京2416 Jing2416
6	硕秋518 Shuoqiu518	京B547 JingB547	京2416D Jing2416D
7	京科739 Jingke739	京5846 Jing5846	京2416 Jing2416
8	京农科736 Jingnongke736	京58-6 Jing58-6	京3719-274（京2416 Jing2416）
9	MC738	京724 Jing724	京2416 Jing2416
10	MC812	京B547 Jing B547	京2416 Jing2416
11	京科528 Jingke528	90110-2	J2437（京2416 Jing2416）
12	京科389 Jingke389	MC03	京2416 Jing2416
13	京单68 Jingdan68	CH8	京2416 Jing2416
14	京单58 Jingdan58	CH3	京2416 Jing2416
15	京单38 Jingdan38	京D9B JingD9B	京2416 Jing2416
16	丰乐303 Fengle303	京725 Jing725	京2416 Jing2416
17	NK718	京464 Jing464	京2416 Jing2416
18	MC565	XD3738	京2416 Jing2416
19	迪卡159 Dika159	HCL301	F0147Z
20	迪卡517 Dika517	D1798Z	HCL645
21	先玉023 Xianyu023	PH12P3	PH12RP
22	先玉688 Xianyu688	PHJEV	PHRKB
23	郑单958 Zhengdan958（CK1）	郑58 Zheng58	昌7-2 Chang7-2
24	先玉335 Xianyu335（CK2）	PH6WC	PH4CV

品种 Variety	株高 Plant height/cm		穗位高 Ear height/cm		穗位系数Ear height to plant height ratio/%
品种 Variety	D1	D2	D1	D2	D1	D2
京农科728 Jingnongke728	269.10±3.25efg	278.50±4.90hij	101.50±2.51lmn	109.00±0.94ijk	37.72±0.95jk	39.15±0.79ijk
京农科828 Jingnongke828	280.40±3.69a	294.00±3.06ab	109.90±2.38fg	115.50±1.96efg	39.20±0.80ghi	39.29±0.67ijk
MC121	270.10±4.09defg	282.10±4.46efgh	103.30±2.75klm	108.50±0.71jk	38.26±1.53hijk	38.47±0.64jkl
鑫瑞25 Xinrui25	268.90±4.75g	280.90±2.47ghi	106.20±2.25hijk	112.20±3.99fghij	39.50±1.00fgh	39.94±1.38ghij
现代59 Xiandai59	270.30±3.74defg	285.30±4.24de	104.30±3.20ijkl	110.60±2.07hijk	38.59±1.32hij	38.77±0.65ijkl
硕秋518 Shuoqiu518	269.90±2.92efg	279.90±4.28hij	101.60±2.32lmn	107.60±3.03k	37.64±0.71jk	38.46±1.42jkl
京科739 Jingke739	247.70±4.16m	261.70±3.71l	91.90±1.91o	99.40±2.12m	37.11±1.02k	37.99±0.86kl
京农科736 Jingnongke736	273.60±3.86cd	288.60±5.13d	104.00±2.67jkl	109.20±2.39ijk	38.02±1.28ijk	37.86±1.38kl
MC738	282.40±3.20a	296.40±4.33a	109.50±2.46fgh	113.90±2.56fgh	38.78±1.09hij	38.44±1.04jkl
MC812	272.50±2.55defg	281.50±2.55fghi	107.50±2.88ghij	112.90±2.69fghi	39.45±0.82fghi	40.11±0.88ghi
京科528 Jingke528	273.20±2.20cde	284.20±5.27efg	105.60±2.76ijk	111.30±4.69ghijk	38.65±0.96hij	39.17±1.58ijk
京科389 Jingke389	254.40±3.72j	262.40±2.59l	98.70±4.08n	103.30±2.31lm	38.81±1.75hij	39.37±1.08hijk
京单68 Jingdan68	252.50±3.21jkl	263.50±4.38l	100.17±1.38mn	108.10±0.88k	39.68±0.62fgh	41.03±0.71efg
京单58 Jingdan58	254.90±3.35jk	263.90±3.48l	103.10±2.33klm	107.90±1.91k	40.46±1.19efg	40.89±0.87fgh
京单38 Jingdan38	250.60±5.68lm	263.60±3.06l	94.50±2.95o	101.60±2.32lm	37.74±1.69jk	38.55±0.97jkl
丰乐303 Fengle303	259.70±4.83i	270.70±3.43k	107.60±3.69ghi	115.20±3.55efg	41.45±1.75de	42.56±1.34de
NK718	278.80±8.93ab	288.80±4.32cd	113.70±2.26de	120.70±3.56cd	40.82±1.62def	41.81±1.49ef
MC565	264.80±3.12h	276.80±4.54j	98.20±5.16n	103.60±2.22lm	37.10±2.26k	37.43±0.65l
迪卡159 Dika159	264.00±2.36h	278.00±5.37hij	115.10±3.67cd	122.90±2.51c	43.60±1.29c	44.23±1.47c
迪卡517 Dika517	251.00±4.62klm	263.00±4.5l	121.40±3.75b	129.40±3.98b	48.37±1.49b	49.21±1.57b
先玉023 Xianyu023	280.50±1.96a	294.50±3.87ab	118.40±4.01bc	127.70±3.33b	42.22±1.55cd	43.37±1.44cd
先玉688 Xianyu688	272.70±2.54def	283.70±4.64efg	111.20±3.08ef	118.30±6.38de	40.79±1.37ef	41.69±2.01ef
郑单958 Zhengdan958	271.20±4.59defg	285.20±5.31def	136.20±13.05a	148.00±15.71a	50.22±4.68a	51.94±5.91a
先玉335 Xianyu335	276.50±5.60bc	292.50±5.99bc	118.80±3.01bc	128.10±6.61b	42.98±1.40c	43.81±2.44cd
变异来源 Source of variation	品种 Variety	**		**		**
	密度 Plant density	**		**		**
	品种×密度Variety×Plant density	*		NS		NS

品种 Variety	株高 Plant height/cm		穗位高 Ear height/cm		穗位系数Ear height to plant height ratio/%
品种 Variety	D1	D2	D1	D2	D1	D2
京农科728 Jingnongke728	269.10±3.25efg	278.50±4.90hij	101.50±2.51lmn	109.00±0.94ijk	37.72±0.95jk	39.15±0.79ijk
京农科828 Jingnongke828	280.40±3.69a	294.00±3.06ab	109.90±2.38fg	115.50±1.96efg	39.20±0.80ghi	39.29±0.67ijk
MC121	270.10±4.09defg	282.10±4.46efgh	103.30±2.75klm	108.50±0.71jk	38.26±1.53hijk	38.47±0.64jkl
鑫瑞25 Xinrui25	268.90±4.75g	280.90±2.47ghi	106.20±2.25hijk	112.20±3.99fghij	39.50±1.00fgh	39.94±1.38ghij
现代59 Xiandai59	270.30±3.74defg	285.30±4.24de	104.30±3.20ijkl	110.60±2.07hijk	38.59±1.32hij	38.77±0.65ijkl
硕秋518 Shuoqiu518	269.90±2.92efg	279.90±4.28hij	101.60±2.32lmn	107.60±3.03k	37.64±0.71jk	38.46±1.42jkl
京科739 Jingke739	247.70±4.16m	261.70±3.71l	91.90±1.91o	99.40±2.12m	37.11±1.02k	37.99±0.86kl
京农科736 Jingnongke736	273.60±3.86cd	288.60±5.13d	104.00±2.67jkl	109.20±2.39ijk	38.02±1.28ijk	37.86±1.38kl
MC738	282.40±3.20a	296.40±4.33a	109.50±2.46fgh	113.90±2.56fgh	38.78±1.09hij	38.44±1.04jkl
MC812	272.50±2.55defg	281.50±2.55fghi	107.50±2.88ghij	112.90±2.69fghi	39.45±0.82fghi	40.11±0.88ghi
京科528 Jingke528	273.20±2.20cde	284.20±5.27efg	105.60±2.76ijk	111.30±4.69ghijk	38.65±0.96hij	39.17±1.58ijk
京科389 Jingke389	254.40±3.72j	262.40±2.59l	98.70±4.08n	103.30±2.31lm	38.81±1.75hij	39.37±1.08hijk
京单68 Jingdan68	252.50±3.21jkl	263.50±4.38l	100.17±1.38mn	108.10±0.88k	39.68±0.62fgh	41.03±0.71efg
京单58 Jingdan58	254.90±3.35jk	263.90±3.48l	103.10±2.33klm	107.90±1.91k	40.46±1.19efg	40.89±0.87fgh
京单38 Jingdan38	250.60±5.68lm	263.60±3.06l	94.50±2.95o	101.60±2.32lm	37.74±1.69jk	38.55±0.97jkl
丰乐303 Fengle303	259.70±4.83i	270.70±3.43k	107.60±3.69ghi	115.20±3.55efg	41.45±1.75de	42.56±1.34de
NK718	278.80±8.93ab	288.80±4.32cd	113.70±2.26de	120.70±3.56cd	40.82±1.62def	41.81±1.49ef
MC565	264.80±3.12h	276.80±4.54j	98.20±5.16n	103.60±2.22lm	37.10±2.26k	37.43±0.65l
迪卡159 Dika159	264.00±2.36h	278.00±5.37hij	115.10±3.67cd	122.90±2.51c	43.60±1.29c	44.23±1.47c
迪卡517 Dika517	251.00±4.62klm	263.00±4.5l	121.40±3.75b	129.40±3.98b	48.37±1.49b	49.21±1.57b
先玉023 Xianyu023	280.50±1.96a	294.50±3.87ab	118.40±4.01bc	127.70±3.33b	42.22±1.55cd	43.37±1.44cd
先玉688 Xianyu688	272.70±2.54def	283.70±4.64efg	111.20±3.08ef	118.30±6.38de	40.79±1.37ef	41.69±2.01ef
郑单958 Zhengdan958	271.20±4.59defg	285.20±5.31def	136.20±13.05a	148.00±15.71a	50.22±4.68a	51.94±5.91a
先玉335 Xianyu335	276.50±5.60bc	292.50±5.99bc	118.80±3.01bc	128.10±6.61b	42.98±1.40c	43.81±2.44cd
变异来源 Source of variation	品种 Variety	**		**		**
	密度 Plant density	**		**		**
	品种×密度Variety×Plant density	*		NS		NS

品种 Variety	茎皮穿刺强度Rind penetration strength/（N·mm^-2）		茎秆抗折力Snapping resistance/N
品种 Variety	D1	D2	D1	D2
京农科728 Jingnongke728	48.80±1.66ab	41.59±1.53b	252.77±24.60ab	221.38±7.00ab
京农科828 Jingnongke828	43.80±1.72fghij	36.85±1.95ghij	227.83±20.75cdefg	193.96±9.03ef
MC121	46.23±2.22bcdef	38.52±1.08ef	233.60±10.64bcdef	205.97±4.89cd
鑫瑞25 Xinrui25	45.59±4.36cdefgh	38.13±1.34efgh	239.17±13.40abcd	207.17±5.11cd
现代59 Xiandai59	42.71±3.60hijk	35.88±0.76ijk	240.70±22.39abcd	211.87±2.35bc
硕秋518 Shuoqiu518	49.66±2.42a	43.48±0.55a	258.23±25.59a	227.01±3.26a
京科739 Jingke739	43.07±1.45ghijk	36.82±1.57ghij	217.03±6.74defghij	184.08±6.25fgh
京农科736 Jingnongke736	42.33±2.76ijk	37.33±1.33fghi	212.17±18.42efghij	176.63±10.54hij
MC738	47.87±2.83abc	41.19±1.13b	240.60±14.96abcd	208.49±2.25cd
MC812	47.26±3.02abcde	40.37±1.11bcd	242.33±6.35abc	208.83±6.72cd
京科528 Jingke528	44.41±3.79efghi	39.36±0.74cde	236.73±10.28abcd	206.41±6.25cd
京科389 Jingke389	42.97±1.56ghijk	37.26±1.38fghi	235.77±10.92abcde	205.34±5.99cd
京单68 Jingdan68	44.37±2.29efghi	39.16±1.61de	232.53±11.02bcdefg	200.64±9.56de
京单58 Jingdan58	47.17±2.30abcde	40.80±2.55bc	242.00±8.88abc	210.93±1.62c
京单38 Jingdan38	44.63±1.56defghi	37.17±1.13fghi	217.50±23.21defghij	190.10±0.95fg
丰乐303 Fengle303	41.02±2.33jkl	35.54±0.67jkl	195.07±7.96jk	169.48±1.46j
NK718	42.75±1.78hijk	37.52±1.12fgh	210.67±14.89fghij	183.01±8.29gh
MC565	40.26±3.33kl	34.12±0.90l	208.83±2.46ghij	184.15±4.69fgh
迪卡159 Dika159	46.01±1.91bcdefg	38.07±0.61efgh	201.87±13.66ij	171.51±6.53ij
迪卡517 Dika517	47.61±1.78abcd	38.29±0.54efg	204.33±10.31hij	177.52±5.40hij
先玉023 Xianyu023	38.42±1.95l	30.97±1.39m	177.30±13.96k	141.52±5.95k
先玉688 Xianyu688	42.39±2.33ijk	36.65±1.43hij	211.07±11.83fghij	180.98±5.90ghi
郑单958 Zhengdan958	33.45±2.43m	23.69±1.70n	138.03±15.36l	95.19±1.70l
先玉335 Xianyu335	42.47±1.67hijk	35.07±1.38kl	219.80±8.32cdefghi	184.89±7.04fgh
变异来源 Source of variation	品种 Variety	**		**
	密度 Plant density	**		**
	品种×密度 Variety× Plant density	NS		NS