根结线虫诱导的巨型细胞及其形成机制

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2023-0938

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

根结线虫（Meloidogyne spp.）是一种专性寄生线虫，具有分布广泛、寄主繁多和危害严重的特点。每年给农作物造成巨大的经济损失，是危害农作物最严重的线虫之一。侵染植物时，根结线虫会诱导根尖部位的维管束细胞重新分化形成多核的巨型细胞，将其作为线虫的取食位点和线虫生长发育过程中营养物质的唯一来源。因此，巨型细胞的形成和维持对线虫的生长和繁殖至关重要。本文从根结线虫诱导寄主植物巨型细胞的形成及调控机制，重点介绍了巨型细胞的结构特征、巨型细胞的细胞周期变化、营养物质运输、激素调节，以及寄主植物的识别和防御和表达模式，并探讨了根结线虫效应蛋白在巨型细胞形成过程中的功能。通过对巨型细胞形成和调控机制及线虫-植物相互分子机制等多层次的研究进展进行解析，揭示根结线虫的致病机理，以期为后续研究根结线虫防治创新性策略提供启发和思路。

关键词: 根结线虫, 寄主, 取食位点, 巨型细胞, 形成机制

Abstract:

Root-knot nematodes（Meloidogyne spp.）are obligate endoparasitic nematodes with features of wide distribution, various hosts, and serious harm. It causes huge economic losses to crops annually, and is one of the most harmful nematodes on crops. When infecting plant root systems, root-knot nematodes induce the re-differentiation of vascular cells at the root tips into multinucleate giant cells, which serve as feeding sites and sole source of nutrients for the nematodes. These cells become the sole source of nutrients for the growth and development of the nematodes. Forming and maintaining ning giant cells are crucial for the growth and reproduction of the nematode. Based on forming of the giant cells and their regulatory mechanisms induced by root-knot nematodes, this paper focuses on the structure of giant cells, cell cycle changes during giant cell formation, nutrient transport, hormone regulation, and the recognition, defense and expression patterns of host plants, and discuses the functions of root-knot nematode effector proteins in the process of giant cell formation. Through the review of the multi-level research progress on the formation and regulation mechanism of giant cells and the molecular mechanism of nematode-plant interaction, it sheds light on the pathogenic mechanisms of root-knot nematodes, aiming to inspire innovative strategies for future research and control of these nematodes.

Key words: root-knot nematode, host, feeding site, giant cells, formation mechanism

刘锐, 赵建龙, 谢丙炎, 李惠霞, 茆振川. 根结线虫诱导的巨型细胞及其形成机制[J]. 生物技术通报, 2024, 40(3): 62-74.

LIU Rui, ZHAO Jian-long, XIE Bing-yan, LI Hui-xia, MAO Zhen-chuan. Giant Cells Induced by Root-knot Nematodes and Its Formation Mechanisms[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2024, 40(3): 62-74.

图/表 1

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效应蛋白Effector	靶标线虫Target nematode	功能（巨型细胞相关）Function（Giant cell correlation）	参考文献Reference
Mj-pel-1	爪哇根结线虫	参与细胞壁：对果胶有高活性，侵染初期起重要作用	[96]
Mi-CRT	南方根结线虫	细胞骨架：取食位点周围的巨型细胞中聚集，影响线虫寄生	[97]
MiPFN3	南方根结线虫	细胞骨架：调节巨型细胞内肌动蛋白的多聚化	[98]
Mi8D05/Msp9	北方根结线虫南方根结线虫	物质运输：调节巨型细胞内溶质和水分子的运输	[99]
MJ-NULG1a	爪哇根结线虫	细胞核：定位在巨型细胞核中，影响线虫的寄生	[100]
MiEFF1	南方根结线虫	细胞核：定位在巨型细胞核中，影响线虫的寄生	[101-102]
MiEFF18	南方根结线虫	细胞核：诱导植物根细胞再分化为巨型细胞	[103-104]
Mi2G02	南方根结线虫	细胞核：参与调控根长和线虫取食细胞的发育	[105]
CM-1/CM-2	南方根结线虫爪哇根结线虫	激素调节：参与巨型细胞的分化和取食位点的形成，MjCM-1减少吲哚乙酸的合成影响细胞发育	[106-107]
FAR-1	爪哇根结线虫南方根结线虫	细胞代谢：促进巨型细胞和线虫发育	[108-109]
Mi-SBP-1	南方根结线虫	细胞代谢：参与巨型细胞中脂酸的合成	[110]
MeMSP1	象耳豆根结线虫	细胞代谢：定位在巨型细胞中，影响谷胱甘肽的积累，有利于线虫寄生	[111]
16D10/Msp16	北方根结线虫南方根结线虫	转录调控：诱导巨型细胞和取食位点形成中发挥作用	[112-113]

效应蛋白Effector	靶标线虫Target nematode	功能（巨型细胞相关）Function（Giant cell correlation）	参考文献Reference
Mj-pel-1	爪哇根结线虫	参与细胞壁：对果胶有高活性，侵染初期起重要作用	[96]
Mi-CRT	南方根结线虫	细胞骨架：取食位点周围的巨型细胞中聚集，影响线虫寄生	[97]
MiPFN3	南方根结线虫	细胞骨架：调节巨型细胞内肌动蛋白的多聚化	[98]
Mi8D05/Msp9	北方根结线虫南方根结线虫	物质运输：调节巨型细胞内溶质和水分子的运输	[99]
MJ-NULG1a	爪哇根结线虫	细胞核：定位在巨型细胞核中，影响线虫的寄生	[100]
MiEFF1	南方根结线虫	细胞核：定位在巨型细胞核中，影响线虫的寄生	[101-102]
MiEFF18	南方根结线虫	细胞核：诱导植物根细胞再分化为巨型细胞	[103-104]
Mi2G02	南方根结线虫	细胞核：参与调控根长和线虫取食细胞的发育	[105]
CM-1/CM-2	南方根结线虫爪哇根结线虫	激素调节：参与巨型细胞的分化和取食位点的形成，MjCM-1减少吲哚乙酸的合成影响细胞发育	[106-107]
FAR-1	爪哇根结线虫南方根结线虫	细胞代谢：促进巨型细胞和线虫发育	[108-109]
Mi-SBP-1	南方根结线虫	细胞代谢：参与巨型细胞中脂酸的合成	[110]
MeMSP1	象耳豆根结线虫	细胞代谢：定位在巨型细胞中，影响谷胱甘肽的积累，有利于线虫寄生	[111]
16D10/Msp16	北方根结线虫南方根结线虫	转录调控：诱导巨型细胞和取食位点形成中发挥作用	[112-113]