环状RNA的特征及其在畜禽中的研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2018-0403

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 环状RNA（circRNA）是一类新发现的内源性非编码RNA,为共价键形成的闭合环形结构RNA分子。circRNA在真核生物体内广泛存在,主要来源于外显子或内含子,具有种类丰富、保守性强、细胞组织表达特异性、稳定性高等特点。目前研究表明,circRNA的形成方式包括剪接体套索驱动环化和内含子配对驱动环化,期间会有多种顺式原件和反式原件调控circRNA的形成。circRNA可通过多种方式发挥其生物学功能,circRNA与RNA结合蛋白结合调控基因表达及蛋白质翻译,circRNA与miRNA结合发挥miRNA海绵功能,circRNA可编码功能性蛋白,circRNA还可参与细胞通讯和信号转导。畜禽的经济性状及疾病防控是畜牧学关注的重点,目前研究发现,circRNA广泛地参与了家畜的疾病发生及防控、繁殖繁育、肌肉发育、脂肪沉积、神经发育等生理过程,在家畜的疾病发生防控和肉奶产量品质等经济性状中具有重要的研究价值。对circRNA的特征、形成机制、主要生物学功能及其在畜禽中的研究进展进行综述,旨在为circRNA在畜禽的研究提供一定的依据及参考,为开发新的分子遗传标记提供新的思路,为丰富畜禽品系选育提供新的技术和方法。

关键词: 环状RNA, 畜禽, 分子特征, 形成机制, 生物学功能

Abstract: Circular RNAs（circRNAs）are a kind of newly discovered endogenous non-coding RNA molecule with covalently-formed closed loop structure. They are expressed abundantly in eukaryotic organisms,mainly from exons and/or introns,and have several traits,such as rich variety,high conservation,high specificity in cell and tissue,high stability,etc. The current studies show that the formation of circRNA is induced by lariat-driven circularization and intron pairing-driven circularization and regulated by varieties of cis and trans original. circRNA exerts their biological functions in numerous ways,such as combining with RNA binding proteins and then regulating the gene expression and protein translation,combining with miRNAs to play miRNA sponges function,and translating functional proteins or peptides by open reading frame in circRNAs and taking part in signal transcription among cells. The economic characters and disease control and prevention are the concerns of animal husbandry. The studies reveal that circRNAs play an important role in various physiological functions including livestock diseases control and prevention,breeding and reproducing,fat deposition,muscle and neural development,which have important research value in economic properties such as meat and dairy production and quality of livestock as well as disease control and prevention. This review summarized the characteristics,formation mechanism,main biological function of circRNA and research progresses of it in livestock and poultry species,aiming at providing certain theoretical basis and reference for the studies of livestock,providing new insights for the development of new molecular genetic markers,and providing novel techniques for enriching livestock and poultry breeding.

Key words: circular RNA, livestock and poultry, molecule character, formation mechanism, biological function

徐海冬, 冷奇颖, PATRICIAAdu-Asiamah, 王章, 李婷, 张丽. 环状RNA的特征及其在畜禽中的研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2018, 34(11): 56-69.

XU Hai-dong, LENG Qi-ying, PATRICIA Adu-Asiamah, WANG Zhang, LI Ting, ZHANG Li. Circular RNAs：Research Progress and Its Significance in Birds and Livestock[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2018, 34(11): 56-69.

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