生物技术通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (6): 130-143.doi: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2024-1285

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    

125份马铃薯种质资源遗传多样性及主成分分析

段永红1(), 杨欣1, 于冠群1, 夏俊俊1, 宋陆帅1,2, 白小东2(), 彭锁堂1,3()   

  1. 1.山西农业大学农学院,晋中 030600
    2.山西农业大学高寒区作物研究所,大同 037000
    3.山西蓬勃农业科技股份有限公司,大同 037000
  • 收稿日期:2025-01-01 出版日期:2025-06-26 发布日期:2025-06-30
  • 通讯作者: 白小东,男,硕士,研究员,研究方向 :现代育种与种质工程;E-mail: dxd5561@126.com
    彭锁堂,男,博士,副教授,研究方向 :现代育种与种质工程;E-mail: 452069088@qq.com
  • 作者简介:段永红,女,博士,副教授,研究方向 :种质创新与遗传工程;E-mail: duanyonghongok@163.com
    第一联系人:(段永红、杨欣并列第一作者)
  • 基金资助:
    ?:?山西省基础研究计划项目(202203021211272);山西省重点研发计划项目(202102140601004);山西农业大学农学院育种工程专项(YZ2021-04);马铃薯遗传改良与种质创新山西省重点实验室项目(202304010921003);山西省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(2025CYJSTX06-11)

Genetic Diversity and Principal Component Analysis of 125 Potato Germplasm Resources

DUAN Yong-hong1(), YANG Xin1, YU Guan-qun1, XIA Jun-jun1, SONG Lu-shuai1,2, BAI Xiao-dong2(), PENG Suo-tang1,3()   

  1. 1.College of Ageonomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030600
    2.Institute of High Altitude Crop of Shanxi Agricultural University, Datong 037000
    3.Shanxi Pengbo Agricultural Science and Technology Co. , Ltd. , Datong 037000
  • Received:2025-01-01 Published:2025-06-26 Online:2025-06-30

摘要:

目的 明晰马铃薯种质资源间的亲缘关系,为新种质的创制提供研究基础。 方法 以125份马铃薯品种(系)为研究材料,采用形态标记及SSR分子标记分析种质资源间差异,并经主成分分析评价其遗传多样性。 结果 8个表型性状的变异系数区间为19.40%-63.90%,Simpson指数区间为0.990 7-1.001 0;依据表型性状,可将供试材料分为4类,大多按照表型指标特征聚类;筛选出27对多态性SSR引物,扩增出910个等位位点,832个多态性位点,多态性位点比率为90.93%,平均Nei’s遗传多样性(Nei’s genetic diversity, H)和平均Shannon’s指数(Shannon index,I)分别为0.228 6和0.362 1;依据SSR检测结果,将供试材料聚为5类,品种大多按照地理来源聚类,新品系按照亲本聚类;对SSR标记聚类进行主成分分析(principal component analysis, PCA),各类群坐标分布结果与聚类结果基本相符,二者分析结果可相互佐证。 结论 表型性状与SSR标记聚类结果在类群的划分上有差异,但部分马铃薯材料在2种聚类方法上具有一致性,同一地理来源的材料聚为一类。表型性状受环境条件及人为因素的影响,不能反映所有的基因组信息,但分子标记直接检测基因组的分子水平差异。应当将二者联合用于马铃薯种质资源遗传多样性的分析评价,可为马铃薯种质创新和遗传改良提供参考依据。

关键词: 马铃薯, 种质资源, 表型性状, SSR标记, 遗传多样性

Abstract:

Objective To clarify the genetic relationship between potato germplasm resources, and to provide a research basis for the creation of new germplasm. Method In this paper, 125 potato varieties (lines) were used as research materials. Morphological markers and SSR molecular markers were used to analyze the differences among germplasm resources, and principal component analysis was used to evaluate the genetic diversity. Result The coefficient of variation of the eight phenotypic traits ranged from 19.40% to 63.90%, and the diversity index ranged from 0.990 7 to 1.001 0. According to phenotypic traits, the tested materials could be divided into four categories, most of which were clustered according to phenotypic index characteristics. Twenty-seven pairs of polymorphic SSR primers were screened, and 910 alleles and 832 polymorphic sites were amplified, with a polymorphism site ratio of 90.93%. The average Nei’s genetic diversity (H) and Shannon’s index (I) were 0.228 6 and 0.362 1, respectively. According to SSR test results, the test materials were clustered into five categories. Most of the varieties were clustered according to their geographical origin, and the new strains were clustered according to their parents. PCA analysis of SSR marker clusters showed that the coordinated distribution results of each group were basically consistent with the clustering results, and the two analysis results supported each other. Conclusion There are differences in the classification of groups between phenotypic traits and SSR marker clustering results, but some potato materials show consistent in the two clustering methods, and the materials from the same geographical origin are clustered into one group. Phenotypic traits are affected by environmental conditions and human factors, and cannot reflect all genomic information, but molecular markers directly detect molecular differences in the genome. The combination of the two methods should be used in the analysis and evaluation of genetic diversity of potato germplasm resources, which may provide reference for potato germplasm innovation and genetic improvement.

Key words: potato, germplasm resources, phenotypic traits, SSR marker, genetic diversity