药用植物空间代谢组学研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2025-0276

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

质谱成像技术是一种新型分子成像技术，具有免标记、高覆盖、高灵敏度等优势，广泛应用于代谢物的组织分布研究。随着该技术的不断发展，基于质谱成像的空间代谢组学技术应运而生，该技术将质谱成像与代谢组学深度融合，能够同时实现组织中代谢物的空间定位与成像分析，研究对象涵盖动物、植物、微生物等。近年来，空间代谢组学技术在药用植物研究中展现出巨大的应用潜力，成为精准定位组织中代谢物空间分布的关键技术之一。本文首先介绍了空间代谢组学技术的基本原理和实验流程，比较了基质辅助激光解吸电离质谱成像（MALDI-MSI）、解吸电喷雾电离质谱成像（DESI-MSI）和二次离子质谱成像（SIMS-MSI）等主流质谱成像技术的特长与局限性，以及样本制备与数据处理等关键环节的技术要点。重点综述了空间代谢组学技术在药用植物研究中的应用进展，包括如何应用空间代谢组学技术揭示药用植物代谢产物组织分布与累积规律，助力药用植物代谢产物的生物合成与转运机制解析及其生物合成相关功能基因的挖掘。最后探讨了空间代谢组学技术目前面临的挑战与未来发展的方向，以期为药用植物研究提供全新的研究视角。

关键词: 空间代谢组学, 质谱成像, 药用植物, 代谢产物, 生物合成

Abstract:

Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is an innovative molecular imaging technique offering significant advantages, including label-free analysis, high molecular coverage, and exceptional sensitivity. MSI has been widely used in studies on the spatial distribution of metabolites in tissues. The continuous advancement of this technique has brought spatial metabolomics, a methodology that integrates MSI with metabolomics. This approach allows for simultaneous localization and imaging analysis of metabolites in tissues across diverse biological samples, encompassing animals, plants, and microorganisms. Recently, spatial metabolomics has demonstrated great potential in medicinal plant research as a crucial technique for precise spatial localization of metabolites in tissues. This review first presents the basic principles and experimental procedures of spatial metabolomics, followed by comparisons of several major MSI techniques, including matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI), desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (DESI-MSI), and secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging (SIMS-MSI), where distinctive advantages and limitations of each approach are delineated, as well as key aspects in sample preparation and data processing are addressed. The review subsequently focuses on the applications of spatial metabolomics in medicinal plants, including visualizing the spatial distribution and accumulation pattern of metabolites, clarifying the biosynthesis and transport sites of metabolites, and discovering functional genes associated with biosynthetic pathways in medicinal plants. Finally, this review discusses the current challenges and prospects of spatial metabolomics, aiming to provide a new perspective for investigations in medicinal plant research.

Key words: spatial metabolomics, mass spectrometry imaging, medicinal plants, metabolites, biosynthesis

刘语诗, 李镇, 邹宇琛, 汤维维, 李彬. 药用植物空间代谢组学研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2025, 41(9): 22-31.

LIU Yu-shi, LI Zhen, ZOU Yu-chen, TANG Wei-wei, LI Bin. Advances in Spatial Metabolomics in Medicinal Plants[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2025, 41(9): 22-31.

图/表 2

参考文献 76

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Year	Species	Sample type	Image resolution (μm)	Imaging techniques	Analytes	Reference
2017	Hypericum perforatum L.	Root	5	MALDI	Xanthone	［54］
2017	Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f.	Root	50	MALDI	Triterpenoids， alkaloids	［55］
2018	Ginkgo biloba L.	Leaf	50	MALDI	Flavonoids， organic acids， ginkgolides	［42］
2019	Curcuma longa L.	Root	5-25	MALDI	Curcumin	［56］
2021	Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews. Paeonia lactiflora Pall.	Root	35	MALDI	Paeonol glycosides， tannins， flavonoids	［57］
2021	Panax. notoginseng （Burkill） F. H. Chen ex C. H.	Root	100	MALDI	Notoginsenoside	［58］
2021	Asclepias curassavica L.	Leaf	20-45	MALDI	Cardiac glycosides	［59］
2021	Lycium chinense Mill.	Fruit	25	MALDI	Flavonoids， organic acids， alkaloids	［60］
2021	Catharanthus roseus （L.） G. Don	Petal	250-500	SALDI	Monoterpenoid indole alkaloids	［61］
2022	Coptis chinensis Franch.	Rhizome	1	SIMS	Alkaloids	［46］
2022	Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge.	Root， stem， leaf， petal	100	DESI	Flavonoids， phenolic acids， tanshinones	［44］
2022	Isatis tinctoria L.	Root	80	DESI	Sulfur-containing compounds， alkaloids	［62］
2023	Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge Salvia grandifolia W. W. Sm.	Root， leaf	100-200	DESI	Terpenes， phenolic acids， tanshinones	［43］
2023	Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.	Leaf， seed plumule， milky sap	30	MALDI	Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids	［63］
2023	Pueraria lobata （Willd.） Ohwi Pueraria thomsonii Benth.	Root	50	AFADESI	Phenolic acids， flavonoids	［64］
2023	Angelica sinensis （Oliv.） Diels	Root	35	MALDI	Volatile oil	［48］
2023	Taxus wallichiana var.chinensis （Pilg.） Florin	Leaf	20	MALDI	Taxanes， flavonoids， coumarins	［45］
2023	Rauvolfia tetraphylla L.	Root， stem， leaf， fruit	15-20 300	MALDI DESI	Monoterpenoid indole alkaloids	［65］
2024	Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi	Root， stem	10	MALDI	Flavonoids， organic acids	［66］
2024	Panax quinquefolius L.	Root	120	DESI	Saponins	［47］
2024	Cyclocarya paliurus （Batalin） Iljinsk.	Leaf	200	DESI	Phenylpropanoids， flavonoids， triterpenes	［67］
2024	Fagopyrum tataricum （L.） Gaertn.	Achene	20	MALDI	Flavonoids， phenolic acids	［68］
2024	Angelicae Dahuricae Radix	Root	40	MALDI	Coumarins	［69］
2025	Atractylodes lancea rhizome	Root， stems	200	DESI	Volatile oil	［49］
2025	Fritillaria cirrhosa D. Don Fritillaria thunbergii Miq. Fritillaria usuriensis Maxim.	Bulb	75	DESI	Alkaloid	［70］
2025	Camellia sinensis （L.） Kuntze	Root， leaf， bud	100	DESI	Triterpenoid saponins	［71］

Year	Species	Sample type	Image resolution (μm)	Imaging techniques	Analytes	Reference
2017	Hypericum perforatum L.	Root	5	MALDI	Xanthone	［54］
2017	Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f.	Root	50	MALDI	Triterpenoids， alkaloids	［55］
2018	Ginkgo biloba L.	Leaf	50	MALDI	Flavonoids， organic acids， ginkgolides	［42］
2019	Curcuma longa L.	Root	5-25	MALDI	Curcumin	［56］
2021	Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews. Paeonia lactiflora Pall.	Root	35	MALDI	Paeonol glycosides， tannins， flavonoids	［57］
2021	Panax. notoginseng （Burkill） F. H. Chen ex C. H.	Root	100	MALDI	Notoginsenoside	［58］
2021	Asclepias curassavica L.	Leaf	20-45	MALDI	Cardiac glycosides	［59］
2021	Lycium chinense Mill.	Fruit	25	MALDI	Flavonoids， organic acids， alkaloids	［60］
2021	Catharanthus roseus （L.） G. Don	Petal	250-500	SALDI	Monoterpenoid indole alkaloids	［61］
2022	Coptis chinensis Franch.	Rhizome	1	SIMS	Alkaloids	［46］
2022	Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge.	Root， stem， leaf， petal	100	DESI	Flavonoids， phenolic acids， tanshinones	［44］
2022	Isatis tinctoria L.	Root	80	DESI	Sulfur-containing compounds， alkaloids	［62］
2023	Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge Salvia grandifolia W. W. Sm.	Root， leaf	100-200	DESI	Terpenes， phenolic acids， tanshinones	［43］
2023	Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.	Leaf， seed plumule， milky sap	30	MALDI	Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids	［63］
2023	Pueraria lobata （Willd.） Ohwi Pueraria thomsonii Benth.	Root	50	AFADESI	Phenolic acids， flavonoids	［64］
2023	Angelica sinensis （Oliv.） Diels	Root	35	MALDI	Volatile oil	［48］
2023	Taxus wallichiana var.chinensis （Pilg.） Florin	Leaf	20	MALDI	Taxanes， flavonoids， coumarins	［45］
2023	Rauvolfia tetraphylla L.	Root， stem， leaf， fruit	15-20 300	MALDI DESI	Monoterpenoid indole alkaloids	［65］
2024	Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi	Root， stem	10	MALDI	Flavonoids， organic acids	［66］
2024	Panax quinquefolius L.	Root	120	DESI	Saponins	［47］
2024	Cyclocarya paliurus （Batalin） Iljinsk.	Leaf	200	DESI	Phenylpropanoids， flavonoids， triterpenes	［67］
2024	Fagopyrum tataricum （L.） Gaertn.	Achene	20	MALDI	Flavonoids， phenolic acids	［68］
2024	Angelicae Dahuricae Radix	Root	40	MALDI	Coumarins	［69］
2025	Atractylodes lancea rhizome	Root， stems	200	DESI	Volatile oil	［49］
2025	Fritillaria cirrhosa D. Don Fritillaria thunbergii Miq. Fritillaria usuriensis Maxim.	Bulb	75	DESI	Alkaloid	［70］
2025	Camellia sinensis （L.） Kuntze	Root， leaf， bud	100	DESI	Triterpenoid saponins	［71］