玉米和高粱遗传转化技术研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2025-0397

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

植物遗传转化技术作为作物遗传改良的关键方法，通过外源功能基因的稳定整合，可有效调控植物的生长发育、抗逆性及环境适应性等重要性状。植物遗传转化技术的研究不仅为基因功能验证提供了关键技术平台，同时，通过目标性状的定向改良，显著促进了作物精准育种体系的建立与发展。为实现高效、稳定的遗传转化，研究者不断优化和发展多种技术，主要围绕外源基因的有效导入及转化植株的高效再生展开。本文综述了玉米（Zea mays L.）和高粱（Sorghum bicolor （L.） Moench）遗传转化的2种主要方法‒‒基因枪法和农杆菌介导法，重点分析了影响农杆菌介导转化效率的关键因素，并总结了提高玉米和高粱遗传转化效率的关键基因及其在植物遗传转化中的应用。此外，本文还提出了玉米和高粱遗传转化存在的问题，以及利用关键基因优化遗传转化体系的策略，并展望了未来的研究方向，以期为进一步提升玉米和高粱遗传转化效率及其在高效分子育种中的应用提供参考。

关键词: 玉米, 高粱, 遗传转化, 转化效率, 关键基因

Abstract:

Plant genetic transformation technology, as a key method for crop genetic improvement, enables the stable integration of foreign functional genes to effectively regulate important traits such as plant growth and development, stress resistance, and environmental adaptability. The research on plant genetic transformation technology not only provides a key technical platform for gene function validation but also significantly promotes the establishment and development of precision crop breeding systems through the directed improvement of target traits. To achieve efficient and stable genetic transformation, researchers have been continuously optimizing and developing diverse technological approaches, primarily focusing on the effective delivery of exogenous genes and the high-efficiency regeneration of transformed plants. This review summarized the two primary methods for genetic transformation in maize (Zea mays L.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), the biolistic method and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The review highlighted critical factors affecting the efficiency of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. And it also summarized key genes that enhance genetic transformation efficiency and their applications in plant genetic transformation. Additionally, the review summarized challenges and proposed strategies to optimize transformation systems using key regulatory genes. It also outlined the future research directions to provide insights for enhancing transformation efficiency and their applications in high-throughput molecular breeding.

Key words: maize, sorghum, genetic transformation, transformation efficiency, key genes

胡璐, 王凯, 徐婧仪, 叶丽慧, 王永飞, 王丽华, 李杰勤. 玉米和高粱遗传转化技术研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2025, 41(9): 32-43.

HU Lu, WANG Kai, XU Jing-yi, YE Li-hui, WANG Yong-fei, WANG Li-hua, LI Jie-qin. Research Progress in Genetic Transformation Technologies of Maize and Sorghum[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2025, 41(9): 32-43.

图/表 1

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基因 Gene	作物 Crop	品种 Variety	提高转化效率（倍） Improve transformation efficiency （fold）	文献 Literature
BBM	玉米 Z. mays	PHN46	20.5	［5］
BBM	玉米 Z. mays	PH581	42.3	［5］
WUS2	玉米 Z. mays	B104	1.8	［65］
WUS2	高粱 S. bicolor	Tx430	2.7	［66］
BBM＋WUS2	玉米 Z. mays	PHN46	22.4	［5］
	玉米 Z. mays	PH581	63.3	［5］
	玉米 Z. mays	HC69	12.2， 9.8	［67］
	高粱 S. bicolor	Tx430	1.9	［66］
GRF-GIF	玉米 Z. mays	B104	3.5	［6］
GRF-GIF	高粱 S. bicolor	Wheatland	7.7	［78］
WOX	玉米 Z. mays	A188	5.3	［7］

基因 Gene	作物 Crop	品种 Variety	提高转化效率（倍） Improve transformation efficiency （fold）	文献 Literature
BBM	玉米 Z. mays	PHN46	20.5	［5］
BBM	玉米 Z. mays	PH581	42.3	［5］
WUS2	玉米 Z. mays	B104	1.8	［65］
WUS2	高粱 S. bicolor	Tx430	2.7	［66］
BBM＋WUS2	玉米 Z. mays	PHN46	22.4	［5］
	玉米 Z. mays	PH581	63.3	［5］
	玉米 Z. mays	HC69	12.2， 9.8	［67］
	高粱 S. bicolor	Tx430	1.9	［66］
GRF-GIF	玉米 Z. mays	B104	3.5	［6］
GRF-GIF	高粱 S. bicolor	Wheatland	7.7	［78］
WOX	玉米 Z. mays	A188	5.3	［7］