生物技术通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (3): 1-13.doi: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2024-0922

• 综述与专论 •    

玉米籽粒淀粉生物合成及调控因素研究进展

王涛1,2,3(), 胡社伟1,2,3, 张宇1,2,3, 邓文文1, 尚春缘1, 王婉艺1,2()   

  1. 1.亳州学院生物与食品工程系,亳州 236800
    2.安徽省功能型配制酒开发与应用工程研究中心,亳州 236800
    3.药用植物有效成分生物合成亳州市重点实验室,亳州 236800
  • 收稿日期:2024-09-24 出版日期:2025-03-26 发布日期:2025-03-20
  • 通讯作者: 王婉艺,女,博士,讲师,研究方向 :玉米遗传育种;E-mail: 2022110005@bzuu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:王涛,男,博士,讲师,研究方向 :玉米籽粒营养物质代谢;E-mail: 2022110014@bzuu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    基?金?项?目 安徽省高等学校科学研究项目(2024AH051312);亳州学院2023年度科研启动项目(BYKQ202307);亳州学院2024年度科研启动项目(BYKQ202421)

Research Progress in Starch Biosynthesis and Regulatory Factors in Maize Kernel

WANG Tao1,2,3(), HU She-wei1,2,3, ZHANG Yu1,2,3, DENG Wen-wen1, SHANG Chun-yuan1, WANG Wan-yi1,2()   

  1. 1.Department of Biology and Food Engineering, Bozhou University, Bozhou 236800
    2.Anhui Engineering Research Center for Development and Application of Functional Blended Liquor, Bozhou 236800
    3.Bozhou Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Effective Ingredients from Medicinal Plants, Bozhou 236800
  • Received:2024-09-24 Published:2025-03-26 Online:2025-03-20

摘要:

玉米作为一种在全球范围内广泛栽培的作物,不仅是人类饮食结构中不可或缺的粮食来源,而且在饲料产业及清洁能源领域同样发挥着重要作用。其籽粒中富含的淀粉,构成了玉米生物量的主体,直接决定了玉米的产量水平,是农业生产和食品加工中不可或缺的原料。然而,随着全球人口的不断增长、城市化进程的加速推进,以及气候变化带来的农业用地减少和自然灾害频发,全球粮食供应体系正面临着前所未有的挑战。玉米作为世界重要农作物之一,通过解析其淀粉生物合成途径培育高产优良品种变得十分重要。本文总结了参与玉米淀粉生物合成途径的关键酶及转运蛋白,并探讨这些因子在淀粉合成过程中的具体作用。同时,对合成途径中关键酶的突变体籽粒表型进行综述,分析基因突变对淀粉产量与品质的影响。此外,本文还总结了调控淀粉生物合成的各种因素,探讨如何通过优化这些因素来提高玉米的产量与品质。最后,本文展望了未来的研究方向,旨在为优质高产玉米的分子设计育种提供坚实的理论基础与实践指导。

关键词: 玉米, 胚乳, 淀粉, 淀粉合成酶, 调控因素

Abstract:

Maize, as a widely cultivated crop worldwide, is not only an indispensable food source in the human diet, but also plays an important role in the feed industry and clean energy. The starch rich in its kernels constitutes the main body of maize biomass and directly determines the yield level of maize. It is an indispensable raw material in agricultural production and food processing. However, with the continuous growth of the global population, the acceleration of urbanization, and the reduction of agricultural land and frequent natural disasters caused by climate change, the global food supply system is facing unprecedented challenges. As important crops in the world,it is very crtical to cultivate high-yield varieties by analyzing its starch biosynthesis pathway. This paper summarizes the key enzymes and transporters involved in the maize starch biosynthesis pathway and discusses the specific roles of these factors in the process of starch synthesis. Concurrently, this paper reviews the grain phenotypes of mutants of key enzymes in the synthesis pathway, and analyze the effects of gene mutations on starch yield and quality. In addition, this paper also summarizes the various factors regulating starch biosynthesis and discusses how to improve the yield and quality of maize by optimizing these factors. Finally, this paper looks forward to the future research direction, aiming to provide a solid theoretical basis and practical guidance for molecular design breeding of high quality and high yield maize.

Key words: maize, endosperm, starch, starch synthetase, regulatory factors