丛枝菌根真菌共生对黄芪幼苗促生机理研究

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2025-1317

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的探究摩西球囊霉（Glomus mosseae）接种对黄芪的促生作用及其内在机制。方法设未接种摩西球囊霉菌剂的CK组与接种摩西球囊霉菌剂的AMF组。栽培后，在黄芪快速生长期采集样本，测定摩西球囊霉对黄芪根的侵染率，以及株高、根长、主根直径、鲜干重等生长指标；利用RNA-Seq筛选不同处理的差异表达基因（DEGs），进一步分析不同处理对黄芪基因表达和分子机制的影响。结果接种摩西球囊霉促进了黄芪的生长发育。其中侧根数提升100%、株高提升42.01%、主根直径提升50%、地上部分鲜重提升37.84%、地下部分鲜重提升97.67%、地上部分干重提升75.36%、地下部分干重提升100%，根长因盆栽空间受限无显著差异。且摩西球囊霉对黄芪的侵染率达91.26%，形成稳定共生关系。转录组共筛选出584个DEGs，主要富集于苯丙烷生物合成、异黄酮生物合成及植物激素信号转导通路，bHLH、ERF等转录因子在通路中发挥核心调控作用。结论摩西球囊霉可通过植物激素信号调控关键次生代谢，优化黄芪根系发育，促进黄芪生长。

关键词: 丛枝菌根真菌, 黄芪, 互作关系, 生长指标, 促生效应, 转录组

Abstract:

Objective To explore the growth-promoting effect and mechanism of Glomus mosseae inoculation on A. mongholicus. Method The experiment included two groups: a control group (CK) without Glomus mosseae and an AMF group inoculated with G. mosseae. After cultivation, samples were collected during the rapid growth period of A. mongholicus. The root colonization rate of G. mosseae, as well as growth parameters including plant height, root length, taproot diameter, and fresh and dry weights, were measured. RNA-Seq technology was used to analyze differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between treatments to further explore the effects on gene expression and molecular mechanisms in A. mongholicus. Result Inoculation with Glomus mosseae promoted the growth and development of A. mongholicus. Specifically, the number of lateral roots increased by 100%, plant height by 42.01%, taproot diameter by 50%, fresh weight of aboveground parts by 37.84%, fresh weight of belowground parts by 97.67%, dry weight of aboveground parts by 75.36%, and dry weight of belowground parts by 100%. No significant difference was observed in root length due to limited pot space. The root colonization rate of G. mosseae on A. mongholicus reached 91.26%, indicating the formation of a stable symbiotic relationship. A total of 584 DEGs were identified from the transcriptome data. Functional enrichment analysis showed that these DEGs were mainly enriched in the biosynthesis pathways of phenylpropanoids and isoflavonoids, as well as the plant hormone signal transduction pathway. Transcription factors such as bHLH and ERF played central regulatory roles in these pathways. Conclusion Glomus mosseae can regulate key secondary metabolic processes through plant hormone signals, optimize root development, and thereby promote the growth of A. mongholicus.

Key words: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Astragalus membranaceus, interaction, growth indicators, promoting effect, transcriptome

刘红军, 张胜, 杨卫平, 卢庚龙, 白雨果, 李婉迪, 牛景萍, 梁建萍, 石志勇. 丛枝菌根真菌共生对黄芪幼苗促生机理研究[J]. 生物技术通报, 2026, 42(10): 257-268.

LIU Hong-jun, ZHANG sheng, YANG Wei-ping, LU Geng-long, BAI Yu-guo, LI Wan-di, NIU Jing-ping, LIANG Jian-ping, SHI Zhi-yong. Mechanisms of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Symbiosis in Promoting Growth of Astragalus Seedlings[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2026, 42(10): 257-268.

图/表 9

图1 AMF接种处理对黄芪生长发育的影响A、G：植株生长90 d后菌根和非菌根植物表型。B-E：植株生长90 d后菌根和非菌根植物的根长、株高、主根直径、地下部分和地上部分鲜重和干重。F：接种和未接种90 d后植物根系染色。*P<0.05，****P<0.000 1

Fig. 1 The influence of AMF inoculation treatment on growth and development of Astragalus membranaceusA, G: Phenotypic characteristics of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants after 90 days of growth. B-E: Root length, plant height, taproot diameter, and fresh and dry weights of belowground and aboveground parts of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants after 90 days of growth. F: Root staining of inoculated and non-inoculated plants after 90 days. *P<0.05. ****P<0.000 1

图2 转录组数据PCA分析与差异基因火山图A：各样本间PCA分析；B：AMF与CK比较分析得出的差异基因，筛选阈值参照|log2FC|>=1 & Padjust<0.05。上调基因320个，以红色标注；下调基因267个，以蓝色标注

Fig. 2 PCA analysis and volcano plot of differentially expressed genes of transcriptome dataA: PCA analysis among samples. B: Differentially expressed genes identified by comparative analysis between AMF and CK groups, with screening thresholds set as |log₂FC|≥1 & Padjust<0.05. A total of 320 up-regulated genes are marked in red, and 267 down-regulated genes are marked in blue

图3 差异表达基因功能注释A： GO功能注释；B： KEGG功能注释

Fig. 3 Functional annotation of differentially expressed genesA: GO functional annotation; B: KEGG functional annotation

图4 差异基因KEGG通路富集分析横坐标指通路中富集的差异基因占总差异基因的比例，纵坐标指富集的KEGG通路

Fig. 4 KEGG pathway enrichment of DEGsThe x-axis indicates to the number of pathway-specific DEGs divided by the total number of DEGs, the y-axis represents the KEGG pathways

图5 苯丙烷生物合成通路PAL：苯丙氨酸解氨酶；CYP73A：肉桂酸-4-羟化酶；4CL：4-香豆酸辅酶A连接酶；SHT：5-羟色胺N-羟基肉桂酰基转移酶；CCR：肉桂酰辅酶A还原酶；CAD6：肉桂醇脱氢酶6；PER/RIP1/PNC1：过氧化物酶类；ALDH2：醛脱氢酶2。紫色标注的基因为差异表达基因并附带表达量热图

Fig. 5 Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathwayPAL: Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase; CYP73A: Cinnamate-4-hydroxylase; 4CL: 4-coumarate: CoA ligase; SHT: Serotonin N-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase; CCR: Cinnamoyl-CoA reductase; CAD6: Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase 6; PER/RIP1/PNC1: Peroxidases; ALDH2: Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2. Genes marked in purple are differentially expressed genes, accompanied by a gene expression heatmap

图6 异黄酮生物合成通路CYP93C：细胞色素P450酶家族；CYP81E1/E7：细胞色素P450酶；IFR：细胞色素P450单加氧酶；PTS：紫檀烷合成酶。紫色标注的基因为差异基因并附带表达量热图

Fig. 6 Isoflavonoid biosynthesis pathwayCYP93C: Cytochrome P450 enzyme family; CYP81E1/E7: Cytochrome P450 enzyme; IFR: Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase; PTS: Pterocarpan synthase. Genes marked in purple are differentially expressed genes, accompanied by a gene expression heatmap

图7 植物激素信号转导通路Auxin：生长素；AUX/IAA、GH3、SAUR：生长素早期响应基因。Cytokinin：细胞分裂素；A-ARR：细胞分裂素响应因子。Abscisic acid：脱落酸；SnRK2：蔗糖非发酵-1-相关蛋白激酶2。Brassinosteroid：油菜素甾醇；BKI1：油菜素内酯受体激酶BRI1的负调控因子。Jasmonic acid：茉莉酸；COI1：茉莉酸受体；JAZ：转录抑制因子；Salicylic acid：水杨酸；PR-1：病程相关蛋白1。紫色标注的基因为差异表达基因并附带表达量热图

Fig. 7 Plant hormone signal transduction pathwayAuxin: Auxin; AUX/IAA, GH3, SAUR: Early auxin-responsive genes. Cytokinin: Cytokinin; A-ARR: Cytokinin response factor. Abscisic acid: Abscisic acid; SnRK2: Sucrose non-fermenting-1-related protein kinase 2. Brassinosteroid: Brassinosteroid; BKI1: Negative regulator of brassinolide receptor kinase BRI1. Jasmonic acid: Jasmonic acid; COI1: Jasmonate receptor; JAZ: Transcriptional repressor. Salicylic acid: Salicylic acid; PR-1: Pathogenesis-related protein 1. Genes marked in purple are differentially expressed genes, accompanied by a gene expression heatmap

图8 转录因子调控网络A：不同转录因子家族调控的差异基因数，以及转录因子家族中转录因子的数量。B：3个通路差异基因与转录因子的调控网络图

Fig. 8 Transcription factor regulatory networkA: The number of DEGs regulated by different transcription factor families, and the size of each respective family. B: Regulatory network diagram of differentially expressed genes and transcription factors in the three pathways

图9 差异表达基因的实时荧光定量PCR验证CK：未接种摩西球囊霉；AMF：接种摩西球囊霉

Fig. 9 Validation of differentially expressed genes using RT-qPCRCK: Samples not inoculated with G. mosseae; AMF: Samples inoculated with G. mosseae

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