玉米茎腐病不同抗性品种根际微生物群落多样性及功能差异

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2025-0999

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的比较分析玉米茎腐病不同抗性品种根际微生物群落结构、互作网络及功能差异，揭示其与玉米茎腐病抗性的关联。方法通过田间接种优势致病菌禾谷镰孢（Fusarium graminearum），从90份玉米品种中筛选出抗茎腐病品种JK580、K2322和感病品种DK2207。进一步利用16S rRNA和ITS高通量测序技术，比较分析了病原菌胁迫下不同抗性品种根际微生物群落的多样性、组分、网络特征及功能特征。结果病原菌胁迫下，抗病品种根际微生物α多样性（Shannon、Pielou指数）显著高于感病品种。β多样性分析显示，抗病品种的根际细菌和真菌群落结构更加相似，且与感病品种差异显著。组分分析与差异菌群分析表明，抗病品种根际微生物群落组成更丰富多样，富集更多有益微生物菌群，如黄单胞菌科（Xanthomonadaceae）、微颤菌科（Microscillaceae）、草酸杆菌科（Oxalobacteraceae）以及真菌的枝孢科（Cladosporiaceae）等；而感病品种DK2207群落结构较单一，主要富集了假单胞菌科（Pseudomonadaceae）。共现网络分析显示，抗病品种构建的根际微生物共现网络鲁棒性更高，脆弱性指数更低，结构更稳定。功能分析表明，两个抗病品种的根际细菌维持着高效的能量获取功能，而感病品种则表现出较高的碳氮代谢特征，且富集了更多病理营养型（pathotroph）真菌。结论在病原菌胁迫下，玉米茎腐病抗感品种根际微生物群落结构与功能存在显著差异，较高的微生物群落多样性、更丰富多样的有益类群以及稳定的群落网络可能是玉米提高茎腐病抗性的重要生态机制。

关键词: 玉米茎腐病, 抗感品种, 根际微生物群落, 功能预测, 高通量测序

Abstract:

Objective This study aims to compare and analyze the structure, interaction networks, and functional profiles of the rhizosphere microbial communities in maize varieties with different resistances to stalk rot, to reveal their relationship with resistance to disease. Method We selected resistant (JK580, K2322) and susceptible (DK2207) varieties from 90 maize genotypes through field inoculation with the dominant pathogen Fusarium graminearum. Using 16S rRNA and ITS high-throughput sequencing, we then compared the diversity, composition, network structure, and functional potential of the rhizosphere microbiota in these varieties under pathogen stress. Result The α-diversity (Shannon and Pielou indexes) of the rhizosphere microbiome in the resistant maize varieties was significantly higher than that in the susceptible varieties. The β-diversity analysis showed that the bacterial and fungal community structures of the resistant varieties were more similar to each other and substantially different from those of the susceptible varieties. Composition and differential-taxa analyses revealed that the resistant varieties hosted a more diverse rhizosphere microbial community and were enriched with more beneficial taxa, such as Xanthomonadaceae, Microscillaceae, Oxalobacteraceae, and the fungal family Cladosporiaceae. In contrast, the susceptible variety DK2207 demonstrated a relatively simplistic community structure, primarily enriched with Pseudomonadaceae. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed that the rhizosphere microbial networks of the resistant varieties had higher robustness and lower vulnerability indices, indicating greater stability and resilience. Functional analysis further revealed that under pathogen stress, the rhizosphere bacteria of the resistant varieties maintained efficient energy acquisition functions, while the susceptible variety showed higher carbon and nitrogen metabolism and was enriched with more pathotrophic fungi. Conclusion Significant differences in the rhizosphere microbial community structure and function between resistant and susceptible maize varieties under pathogen stress. High microbial diversity, a greater variety of beneficial taxa and stable community networks may be important ecological mechanisms for enhancing stalk rot resistance in maize.

Key words: maize stalk rot, disease-resistant and susceptible varieties, rhizosphere microbial community, function prediction, high-throughput sequencing

彭善麟, 廖卓诚, 王涛, 刘志宇, 刘海忆, 王婷婷, 杨琴, 王哲, 邰欢欢. 玉米茎腐病不同抗性品种根际微生物群落多样性及功能差异[J]. 生物技术通报, 2026, 42(5): 1-13.

PENG Shan-lin, LIAO Zhuo-cheng, WANG Tao, LIU Zhi-yu, LIU Hai-yi, WANG Ting-ting, YANG Qin, WANG Zhe, TAI Huan-huan. Diversity and Functional Differences of Rhizosphere Microbial Communities in Maize Varieties with Different Resistance to Stalk Rot[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2026, 42(5): 1-13.

图/表 6

图1 玉米茎腐病不同抗性品种根际细菌（A， B）和真菌（C， D）的Shannon指数和Pielou指数*P<0.05，**P<0.01，***P<0.001，****P<0.000 1，ns代表无显著影响；JK580、K2322是玉米茎腐病抗病品种，DK2207是玉米茎腐病感病品种，下同

Fig. 1 Shannon indexes and Pielou indexes of rhizosphere bacterial (A, B) and fungal (C, D) communities of varieties with different resistance to maize stalk rot*P<0.05, **P<0.01; ***P<0.001, ****P<0.000 1. The ns refers to the non-significant effect (P>0.05); JK580、K2322 are maize varieties resistant to maize stalk rot, DK2207 is maize variety susceptible to maize stalk rot, The same as below

图2 玉米茎腐病不同抗性品种根际细菌（A）和真菌（B）群落的PCoA分析

Fig. 2 Principal coordinate analysis of rhizosphere bacterial (A) and fungal (B) community (PCoA) of varieties with different resistance to maize stalk rot

图3 玉米茎腐病不同抗性品种根际细菌（A， B）和真菌（C， D）在门和科水平的结构组成

Fig. 3 Composition of rhizosphere bacterial (A, B) and fungal (C, D) communities at phylum and family levels of varieties with different resistance to maize stalk rot

图4 玉米茎腐病不同抗性品种根际微生物标志物的LEfSe分析A-B：抗病品种K2322与感病品种DK2207根际细菌（A）和真菌（B）核心标志物的系统发育树；C-D：抗病品种JK580与感病品种DK2207根际细菌（C）和真菌（D）核心标志物的系统发育树

Fig. 4 LEfSe analysis of rhizosphere microbial biomarkers in maize varieties with different resistance to stalk rotA-B: The phylogenetic trees of the core biomarkers of bacterial (A) and fungal (B) biomarkers in rhizosphere microbial of the resistant variety K2322 and the susceptible variety DK2207 to maize stalk rot. C-D: The phylogenetic trees of the core biomarkers of bacterial (C) and fungal (D) biomarkers in rhizosphere microbial of the resistant variety JK580 and the susceptible variety DK2207 to maize stalk rot

图 5 玉米茎腐病不同抗性品种根际细菌和真菌共现网络A-C：感病品种DK2207（A）、抗病品种JK580（B）以及K2322（C）根际细菌和真菌共现网络；D：抗感品种共现网络节点随机消亡分析；E：抗感品种共现网络节点定向消亡分析；F：抗感品种共现网络脆弱性分析；每个网络的节点根据门水平分类着色，并根据连接程度确定节点大小；连接节点的蓝色连线代表正相关，红色连线代表负相关

Fig. 5 Bacterial and fungal co-occurrence network in rhizosphere microbial of varieties with different resistance to maize stalk rotA-C: Bacterial and fungal co-occurrence in rhizosphere of the susceptible variety DK2207 (A), and the resistant varieties JK580 (B), K2322 (C). D: Analysis of random removing of network nodes of the resistant and the susceptible varieties co-occurrence. E: Analysis of targeted removing of network nodes of the resistant and the susceptible varieties co-occurrence. F: Co-occurrence network vulnerability analysis of the resistant and the susceptible varieties. The nodes of each network are colored according to gate level classification, and the node size is determined according to the degree of connection. The edges in blue and red indicate co-occurrence and mutual exclusion patterns among taxa, respectively.

图6 玉米茎腐病不同抗性品种根际细菌FAPROTAX功能（A）和真菌FUNGuild 功能（B）的预测分析图中不同小写字母表示各组间差异显著（P<0.05）

Fig. 6 Predictive functional analysis of rhizosphere (A) bacterial (FAPROTAX) and (B) fungal (FUNGuild) communities in maize varieties with different resistance to stalk rotDifferent lowercase letters in the figure indicate significant difference between different groups (P<0.05)

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