抗逆促生菌恶臭假单胞菌对辣椒种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2025-1010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的探究恶臭假单胞菌（Pseudomonas putida）的抗逆促生特性及其对盐、干旱胁迫下辣椒种子萌发、幼苗生长和根际细菌群落的影响，为利用该菌株提高植物非生物胁迫抗性提供依据。方法测定恶臭假单胞菌HGD3菌株在盐及干旱胁迫下的促生特性及影响辣椒种子萌发和幼苗生长的指标，并进行根际细菌多样性及功能分析。结果 HGD3菌株具有在4% NaCl和30% PEG6000胁迫下分泌铁载体、ACC脱氨酶及溶磷的能力。1% NaCl和20% PEG6000显著抑制辣椒种子的萌发，而HGD3菌株浸种处理的种子萌发相关指标不同程度高于单独胁迫组。HGD3菌株的接种明显促进了辣椒幼苗的生长。在0.5%‒2% NaCl浓度胁迫下，菌液灌根处理辣椒的生长指标、叶绿素含量均显著提高，H₂O₂含量显著降低。缺水干旱胁迫下，接菌幼苗的株高、鲜重、茎粗、根长、根重和叶绿素含量分别是单独胁迫组的1.68倍、3.29倍、1.25倍、1.31倍、2.59倍和1.26倍，MDA和H₂O₂含量显著降低，而脯氨酸含量、SOD和CAT活性显著增加。接菌处理增加了盐及干旱胁迫下根际土壤假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas）和链霉菌属（Streptomyces）的丰度，还提高了盐胁迫土壤新鞘氨醇菌属（Novosphingobium）、热单胞菌属（Thermomonas）、藤黄单胞菌属（Luteimonas）、卡斯特兰尼氏菌属（Castellaniella）、Pseudolabrys和黄杆菌属（Chryseolinea）的丰度，以及缺水干旱土壤的类诺卡氏菌属（Nocardioides）和Iamia的相对丰度。结论具有优良抗逆促生特性的恶臭假单胞菌HGD3菌株促进了盐及干旱胁迫辣椒种子的萌发和幼苗生长，增加了根际土壤有益菌群的丰度，对干旱胁迫辣椒的促进作用较盐胁迫更为明显。

关键词: 恶臭假单胞菌, 根际促生菌, 非生物胁迫, 抗逆促生特性, 辣椒, 种子萌发, 幼苗生长, 细菌群落结构

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the stress-resistant and growth-promoting characteristics of Pseudomonas putida and its effects on pepper seed germination, seedling growth, and rhizosphere bacterial community under salt and drought stress, which may provide a basis for using this strain to enhance plant resistance to abiotic stress. Method The growth-promoting characteristics of P. putida HGD3 strain under salt and drought stress, as well as the indicators affecting pepper seed germination and seedling growth were determined, and the diversity and functional analysis of rhizosphere bacteria community have been conducted. Result The HGD3 strain possessed the ability to secrete siderophore, ACC deaminase, and phosphorus solubilization under 4% NaCl and 30% PEG6000 stress. 1% NaCl and 20% PEG6000 significantly inhibited the germination of pepper seeds, while the germination-related indicators of seeds soaked with HGD3 strain were higher to varying degrees than those of the single stress group. The inoculation of HGD3 strain significantly promoted the growth of chili seedlings. Under the stress of 0.5%‒2.0% NaCl concentration, the growth indexes and chlorophyll content of chili peppers were significantly improved by root irrigation with culture broth, while the H₂O₂ content significantly reduced. Under drought stress, the plant height, fresh weight, stem diameter, root length, root weight, and chlorophyll content of inoculated seedlings were 1.68, 3.29, 1.25, 1.31, 2.59, and 1.26 times higher than those of the single stress group, respectively. MDA and H₂O₂ content significantly decreased, while proline content, SOD and CAT activity significantly increased. Inoculation treatment increased the abundance of Pseudomonas and Streptomyces in the rhizosphere soil under salt and drought stress, as well as the relative abundance of Novosphingobium, Thermomonas, Luteimonas, Castellaniella, Pseudolabrys, and Chryseolinea in salt stressed soil, and the relative abundance of Nocardioides and Iamia in drought stressed soil. Conclusion The HGD3 strain, which has excellent stress resistance and growth promoting characteristics, promotes the germination and seedling growth of pepper seeds under salt and drought stress, increase the abundance of beneficial bacterial communities in the rhizosphere soil, and the promoting effect on drought-stressed chili plants is more profound than that on salt-stressed plants.

Key words: Pseudomonas putida, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, abiotic stress, stress resistance and growth-promoting characteristics, pepper, seed germination, seedling growth, bacterial community structure

李琼瑶, 鲍瑞, 雷海涛, 杨苑姁, 韩丽珍. 抗逆促生菌恶臭假单胞菌对辣椒种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响[J]. 生物技术通报, 2026, 42(5): 257-271.

LI Qiong-yao, BAO Rui, LEI Hai-tao, YANG Yuan-xu, HAN Li-zhen. The Effect of Stress-resistant and Growth-promoting Bacteria Pseudomonas putida on Pepper Seed Germination and Seedling Growth[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2026, 42(5): 257-271.

图/表 12

图1 HGD3菌株在盐（A）及干旱（B）胁迫下的生长曲线

Fig. 1 Growth curves of HGD3 strain under salt (A) and drought (B) stress

表1 不同浓度NaCl及PEG6000胁迫下HGD3菌株的促生特性

Table 1 Growth-promoting characteristics of strain HGD3 under different concentrations of NaCl and PEG6000 stress

非生物胁迫 Abiotic stress	铁载体相对含量 Siderophore relative content （%）	IAA含量 IAA content （mg/L）	ACC脱氨酶活性 ACC deaminase activity （μmol/mg/h）	可溶磷含量 Soluble phosphorus content （μg/mL）
0	47.52±3.57a	15.37±0.79a	6.40±0.62a	132.67±1.51a
1% NaCl	36.59±3.78ab	8.78±0.98b	5.24±0.05b	124.63±0.75b
2% NaCl	23.05±1.08c	5.78±0.22cd	4.04±0.21c	118.25±1.91c
3% NaCl	21.33±3.71cd	5.37±0.22cd	2.30±0.14d	102.05±1.82d
4% NaCl	3.65±2.99e	4.37±0.65de	2.15±0.19d	95.99±0.86e
5% NaCl	-	3.37±0.51e	-	39.62±1.97f
10% PEG6000	27.64±1.77bc	14.28±0.08a	5.97±0.39ab	15.6±0.54g
20% PEG6000	18.67±2.78cd	6.45±0.52c	3.64±0.14c	11.56±0.1h
30% PEG6000	12.9±2.71d	-	0.91±0.42e	11.3±0.11h

图2 HGD3菌株浸种处理对盐胁迫下辣椒种子萌发的影响N1、N2、N3、N4、N5分别对应1%、2%、3%、4%、5% NaCl溶液处理的盐胁迫组，HGD3-N1、HGD3-N2、HGD3-N3、HGD3-N4、HGD3-N5则分别对应上述5个NaCl浓度下的HGD3菌株浸种处理组

Fig. 2 Effects of HGD3 strain soaking treatment on pepper seed germination under salt stressN1, N2, N3, N4 and N5 correspond to the salt stress groups treated with 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% NaCl solutions, respectively. HGD3-N1, HGD3-N2, HGD3-N3, HGD3-N4, and HGD3-N5 correspond to the HGD3 strain soaking treatment groups at the aforementioned 5 NaCl concentrations

图3 HGD3菌株浸种处理对干旱胁迫下辣椒种子萌发的影响P1、P2、P3为干旱胁迫处理组，分别对应10%、20%、30% PEG6000浓度处理，HGD3-P1、HGD3-P2、HGD3-P3则分别对应上述3个PEG6000浓度下的HGD3菌株浸种处理组

Fig. 3 Effects of HGD3 strain soaking treatment on pepper seed germination under droughtP1, P2, and P3 indicate the drought stress treatment groups, corresponding to 10%, 20%, and 30% PEG6000 concentration treatments, respectively. HGD3-P1, HGD3-P2, and HGD3-P3 correspond to the HGD3 strain soaking treatment groups at the three PEG6000 concentrations

表2 接种HGD3菌株对盐及干旱胁迫下辣椒幼苗生长指标的影响

Table 2 Effects of inoculation with HGD3 strain on growth indicators of pepper seedlings under salt stress

处理组 Treatment	株高 Plant height （cm）	根长 Root length （cm）	鲜重 Fresh weight （g）	根重 Root weight （g）	茎粗 Stem diameter （mm）	叶绿素 Chlorophyll （SPAD）
CK	19.17±1.21bc	21.83±0.26ab	6.87±1.15bc	1.54±0.21cde	3.33±0.03bc	43.13±0.26cd
HGD3	24.38±0.57a	23.72±1.04a	11.48±0.53a	2.78±0.11a	4.21±0.06a	51.27±1.36a
LS	17.8±0.48cd	18.28±1.38bc	6.3±0.69c	1.71±0.33cd	3.23±0.04bcd	42.37±0.33d
HGD3-LS	23.37±0.44a	21.78±1.66ab	10.81±0.85a	2.84±0.47a	3.43±0.03b	45.4±0.7bc
MS	13.45±1.14ef	19.96±1abc	3.97±0.52d	0.81±0.11fg	2.74±0.09f	41.77±0.54d
HGD3-MS	20.28±0.59b	21.08±1.46ab	8.45±0.2b	2.45±0.13ab	3.41±0.11b	46.33±0.7b
HS	12.99±0.57f	19.8±0.56abc	3.91±0.62d	1.05±0.23def	2.78±0.09ef	40.7±0.29d
HGD3-HS	16.04±0.97d	19.34±1.01bc	6.32±0.47c	1.84±0.13bc	3.02±0.02de	46.93±0.32b
D	9.28±0.58g	16.85±2.23c	0.93±0.05e	0.34±0.04g	2.45±0.2g	37.1±1.65e
HGD3-D	15.6±0.39de	22.14±0.45ab	3.06±0.1d	0.88±0.04efg	3.06±0.07cd	46.77±1.08b

图4 盐及干旱胁迫下辣椒幼苗的生长状况CK为不接菌对照组辣椒；HGD3表示HGD3接种处理组；LS、MS、HS为盐胁迫处理组的辣椒，分别对应0.5%、1%、2% NaCl浓度；D为缺水干旱处理；HGD3-LS、HGD3-MS、HGD3-HS则分别对应上述3个盐浓度下的HGD3菌株接种处理组的辣椒；HGD3-D表示干旱胁迫下的接种处理。下同

Fig. 4 Growth status of pepper seedlings under salt and drought stressCK refers to the non-inoculated control group of chili peppers. HGD3 refers to the inoculation treatment group of HGD3. LS, MS, and HS refer to the salt stress treatment groups of chili peppers, corresponding to 0.5%, 1% and 2% NaCl treatments, respectively. D refers to the water deficiency and drought treatment. HGD3-LS, HGD3-MS, and HGD3-HS correspond to the chili peppers inoculated with HGD3 strains at the three salt concentrations mentioned above, respectively. HGD3-D refers to the inoculation treatment under drought stress. The same below

图5 接种HGD3菌株对盐及干旱胁迫下辣椒幼苗抗氧化功能的影响图中蓝色柱状条为盐处理组，绿色柱状条为正常生长条件，橙色柱状条则表示干旱处理组

Fig. 5 Effects of inoculation with HGD3 strain on antioxidant function of pepper seedlings under salt and drought stressThe blue bar in the figure indicates the salt treatment group, the green bar indicates normal growth conditions, and the orange bar indicates the drought treatment group

图6 不同处理组辣椒根际土壤细菌的韦恩图（A）及PCoA分析（B）CK：不接菌对照；B：接种HGD3处理组；S：盐胁迫处理组；BS：盐胁迫下接种处理组；D：干旱胁迫处理组：BD：干旱胁迫下的接种处理组。下同

Fig. 6 Venn diagram (A) and PCoA analysis (B) of bacteria in the rhizosphere soil of chili peppers in different treatment groupsCK: Control group without inoculation. B: Treatment group inoculated with HGD3. S: Salt stress treatment group. BS: Inoculation treatment group under salt stress. D: Drought stress treatment group. BD: Inoculation treatment group under drought stress. The same below

表3 不同处理组辣椒根际土壤细菌的α多样性指数

Table 3 Alpha diversity index of bacteria in the rhizosphere soil of different treatment groups of chili peppers

Sample	Chao1	Observed_features	Pielou_e	Shannon	Simpson
CK	1 310.58±234.66a	1 271±201.61a	0.81±0.01a	8.35±0.19a	0.991±0a
B	1 518.69±136.78a	1 464.67±119.32a	0.82±0a	8.63±0.12a	0.993±0a
S	1 787.08±151.59a	1 683.67±139.84a	0.81±0.01a	8.68±0.26a	0.991±0a
BS	1 684.03±75.92a	1 604.67±73.44a	0.81±0.01a	8.60±0.12a	0.992±0a
D	1 672.09±84.72a	1 592.33±77.84a	0.81±0.01a	8.66±0.14a	0.993±0a
BD	1 731.53±104.09a	1 650±80.31a	0.83±0a	8.88±0.04a	0.994±0a

图7 不同处理组辣椒根际土壤丰度排名前10的细菌门

Fig. 7 Top 10 bacterial phylum in the rhizosphere soil abundance of chili peppers in different treatment groups

图8 不同处理组辣椒根际土壤细菌属水平下的物种丰度聚类图图中横坐标为处理组，纵坐标为物种注释信息。图左侧的聚类树为物种聚类树（不同颜色表示不同门）；热图对应的值为每一行物种相对丰度经过标准化处理后得到的Z值，红色表示高丰度，蓝色表示低丰度

Fig. 8 Cluster diagram of species abundance at the bacterial genus level in the rhizosphere soil of chili peppers in different treatment groupsThe horizontal axis in the figure indicates the treatment group, and the vertical axis indicates the species annotation information. The clustering tree on the left side of the figure is a species clustering tree (different colors represent different phyla). The values corresponding to the heatmap are the Z values obtained by standardizing the relative abundance of species in each row, where red indicates high abundance and blue represents low abundance

图9 基于PICRUSt2预测的KEGG功能注释聚类热图横坐标为样本信息，纵坐标为功能注释信息，图中左侧的聚类树为功能聚类树；热图中对应的值为每一行功能信息的相对丰度经过标准化处理后得到的Z值，红色表示高丰度、蓝色表示低丰度

Fig. 9 Heatmap of KEGG functional annotation clustering predicted by PICRUSt2The horizontal axis refers to sample information, while the vertical axis represents functional annotation information. The clustering tree located on the left side of the figure depicts the functional clustering. The values corresponding to the heatmap are Z-scores derived from normalizing the relative abundance of functional information for each row, and red indicates high abundance, blue indicates low abundance

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