关键词: 植物表皮毛, 分子调控, 转录因子, MBW复合体

Abstract:

Plant trichomes are specialized protrusive structures differentiated from plant epidermal cells. As crucial evolutionary features for plants to adapt to the environment over the long term, they play key roles in resisting biotic and abiotic stresses, as well as in the formation of products such as cotton fibers and secondary metabolites in tea leaves. This article systematically reviews the research progress on the molecular regulatory mechanisms of trichome development in herbaceous plants (Arabidopsis thaliana, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), cotton (Gossypium), and rice (Oryza sativa)) and woody plants (poplar (Populus tremula × P. alba clone), tea (Camellia sinensis), and peach (Prunus persica)). In A. thaliana, the MYB-bHLH-WD40 (MBW) transcription complex constitutes the core conserved module regulating trichome initiation and morphogenesis, achieving precise regulation through positive and negative feedback loops. In tomato, a more complex regulatory network dominated by HD-Zip transcription factors is present. During cotton fiber development, transcription factors such as R2R3 MYB play key roles and functional specific differentiation. As a monocotyledon, the development of trichomes in rice has formed a unique regulatory network that is distinct from that in dicotyledons. Studies on woody plants have shown that poplar and tea still retain part of the conserved MBW core regulatory mechanism, while a novel pathway independent of the complete MBW complex has evolved in the trichome development of peach fruits. By comparatively analyzing the conservation and specificity of trichome regulatory networks across different species, this article provides a theoretical basis for revealing the molecular evolutionary mechanism of plant trichome development and offers potential targets for the molecular breeding improvement of crop stress resistance and economic traits.

Key words: plant trichomes, molecular regulation, transcription factors, MBW complex