植物长链非编码RNA研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2018-0167

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 长链非编码RNA（Long noncoding RNAs,lncRNAs）指长度大于200个核苷酸,但含有1个少于100个氨基酸开放阅读框（Open reading frame,ORF）的RNA。根据lncRNAs相对于邻近蛋白质编码基因的位置可粗略地分为长链非编码自然反义转录本（Long noncoding natural antisense transcripts,lincNATs）、内含子lncRNAs（Intronic lncRNAs）、启动子lncRNAs（Promoter lncRNAs）和长链基因间ncRNAs（Long intergenic ncRNAs,lincRNAs）。lncRNAs可作为与其互作分子的招募者、系结者、引导者、诱捕者和信号分子,通过表观遗传调控、转录调控、转录后调控和翻译调控而发挥其功能。现有的研究表明,lncRNAs在植物春化作用诱导开花、固氮豆科植物根瘤的形成、花粉发育和雄性不育、光形态建成、Pi吸收、侧根发育、生长素运输和发育信号输出、抗病性、非生物胁迫反应等方面具有调控功能。对lncRNAs的研究不仅为理解植物生长发育调控具有重要意义,也可将ncRNAs作为作物品种改良的潜在工具。近年来,植物lncRNAs研究突飞猛进,对长链非编码RNA的分类、鉴定和研究、分子作用机制及其功能进行全面综述,旨在为给研究者提供参考。

关键词: 长链非编码RNA, 分子调控机制, 转录调控, 转录后调控, 表观遗传学

Abstract: Long noncoding RNAs（lncRNAs）refers to those RNAs having >200 nucleotides while containing ORF of less than 100 amino acids.. Based on their locations to nearby protein-coding genes,lncRNAs can be roughly classified into four types：long noncoding natural antisense transcripts（lincNATs）,intron lncRNAs,promoter lncRNAs and long intergenic ncRNAs（lincRNAs）. lncRNAs can function as recruiters,tethers,guides,decoys and signals for other biological molecules via interactions with epigenetic,transcriptional,post-transcriptional and translation control. A larger number of lncRNAs have been identified in many plant species and have shown to be important regulators in plant growth and development such as vernalization and flowering induction,formation of nodules in leguminous plants,pollen development and male sterility,photomorphogenesis,Pi absorption,lateral root development,auxin transport and development signal output,plant responses to diverse stresses and diseases,etc. lncRNAs are of great significance for the regulation of plant growth and development,also potent tools for the improvement of crop cultivar. In recent years,the research on plant lncRNAs increased drastically,and the literature on this field has grown rapidly. This review integrates the current knowledge on the classification,identification and research,molecular regulatory mechanisms and functions of plant lncRNAs in order to provide references for researchers.

Key words: long noncoding RNAs（lncRNAs）, molecular regulatory mechanisms, transcriptional regulation, post-transcriptional regulation, epigenetics

谭玉荣, 王丹, 高璇, 刘进平. 植物长链非编码RNA研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2018, 34(10): 1-10.

TAN Yu-rong, WANG Dan, GAO Xuan, LIU Jin-ping. Research Advance on Plant Long Noncoding RNAs[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2018, 34(10): 1-10.

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