锌硒配施对水稻汞的阻隔效应

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2024-0064

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 研究锌硒配施对土壤-水稻体系中水稻富集转运汞的影响，探讨锌硒配施对水稻汞的阻隔效应，为汞污染土壤安全利用提供参考。【方法】 选取贵州铜仁碧江区某矿区汞污染土壤，以水稻品种川康优727为研究对象，采用盆栽试验，测定水稻生长发育特征以及土壤有效汞和水稻各器官汞含量。【结果】 锌硒配施使土壤中有效汞含量显著降低了45%-75.2%，低浓度硒与锌配施使土壤有效汞含量降低75.2%；锌硒配施使水稻各器官汞降低了15.2%-92.3%，其中，籽粒汞含量的降幅效果最好（87.6%-92.3%）。除高浓度硒和高低浓度锌配施促进了水稻汞从根到籽粒转运外，锌硒配施对水稻富集与转运汞的阻隔效果均优于锌、硒单施，锌硒配施使水稻汞从根到籽粒的富集系数降低了88%-92%，低浓度硒与高低浓度锌配施对水稻汞从根到籽粒的转运系数分别降低了69.2%和61.5%。【结论】 锌硒配施对水稻汞的阻隔效应显著，有效缓解了汞对水稻生长发育的毒害作用。

关键词: 汞, 锌, 硒, 转运系数, 富集系数

Abstract:

【Objective】 To study the effects of combined application of zinc and selenium on the accumulation and transport of mercury in rice in a soil-rice system, and to investigate the barrier effect of combined zinc and selenium application on mercury in rice, and provide a reference for the safe utilization of mercury-contaminated soil. 【Method】 Selecting mercury-contaminated soil in the mining area of Bijiang District, Tongren, Guizhou, having the rice variety Chuankangyou 727 as the research subject, and using pot experiment, we measured the growth and development characteristics of the rice plant, as well as the available mercury in the soil and the mercury content in various organs of rice.【Result】 The simultaneous application of zinc and selenium reduced the available mercury content in the soil by 45% to 75.2%. Alternatively, when low concentrations of selenium and zinc were applied together, the available mercury content in the soil reduced by 75.2%. The application of zinc and selenium in combination resulted in a reduction of mercury levels in different organs of rice plant by 15.2% to 92.3%. The most effective reduction effect was in the mercury content of the grain, with a decrease of 87.6% to 92.3%. Except for the high concentration of selenium and the combination of high and low concentrations of zinc, which promoted the transportation of mercury from the roots to the grains in rice plant, the blocking effect of a zinc-selenium combination on the accumulation and transportation of mercury in the rice plant was better than that of zinc or selenium applied individually. The combination of zinc and selenium reduced the enrichment coefficient of mercury from roots to grains in rice by 88% to 92%. Similarly, when low concentration selenium was combined with both high and low concentrations of zinc, the transportation coefficient of mercury from the roots to the grains in rice plant reduced by 69.2% and 61.5% respectively.【Conclusion】 The combined application of zinc and selenium has a significant blocking effect on mercury in rice, effectively alleviating the toxic effects of mercury on rice growth and development.

Key words: mercury, zinc, selenium, transport coefficient, enrichment coefficient

黄秋, 刘静, 秦樊鑫, 罗帮林, 罗林, 李宛蔚, 徐安琪. 锌硒配施对水稻汞的阻隔效应[J]. 生物技术通报, 2024, 40(6): 143-151.

HUANG Qiu, LIU Jing, QIN Fan-xin, LUO Bang-lin, LUO Lin, LI Wan-yu, XU An-qi. Barrier Effect of Zinc and Selenium Combined Application on Mercury Accumulation in Rice[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2024, 40(6): 143-151.

图/表 7

表1 供试土壤理化性质

Table 1 Physical and chemical properties of experimental soil

pH	有机质Organic matter /（g·kg^-1）	碱解氮Alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen /（mg·kg^-1）	有效磷Available phosphorus /（mg·kg^-1）	速效钾Available potassium /（mg·kg^-1）	全汞Total mercury / （mg·kg^-1）	有效汞Available mercury/ （μg·kg^-1）	全锌Total zinc/ （mg·kg^-1）	有效锌Ava- ilable zinc / （mg·kg^-1）	全硒Total selenium /（mg·kg^-1）	有效硒Available selenium /（mg·kg^-1）
6.28	42.26	231.00	15.94	69.00	22.38	7.29	109.05	2.91	2.53	0.44

图1 不同处理锌硒对土壤pH（A）及有效汞、有效锌、有效硒（B）的影响 CK：不加锌硒；Z1、Z2：分别为低、高锌单施（10 mg/kg和100 mg/kg）；S1、S2：分别为低、高硒单施（2.5 mg/kg和10 mg/kg）；Z1+S1、Z1+S2、Z2+S1和Z2+S2：分别为低、高锌和低高硒配施。不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平上差异显著，下同

Fig. 1 Effects of different treatments of Zn and Se on soil pH（A）and available Hg, available Zn, and available Se（B） CK: No zinc or selenium added; Z1 and Z2 : single application of low and high zinc（10 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg）, respectively; S1 and S2: single application of low and high selenium（2.5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg）, respectively; Z1+S1, Z1+S2, Z2+S1, and Z2+S2: combined application of low high zinc, and low high selenium, respectively. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at the P<0.05 level between different treatments, the same below

表2 锌硒处理后水稻的生物量

Table 2 Biomass of rice treated with Zn and Se

处理Treatment	株高Plant height/cm	分蘖数Number of tillers	穗数 Spike	产量Yield /（g·plant^-1）
CK	93.43±2.61ab	6±0.35a	5±0.54b	13.61±0.03ab
Z1	106.47±2.2d	6±0.67a	5±0.25b	15.43±0.69cde
Z2	101.97±0.75cd	6±0.25a	4±0.51a	14.33±0.5bc
S1	102.2±2.79cd	6±0.1a	5±0.19b	15.02±0.65bcd
S2	94.13±2ab	6±0.51a	5±0.19b	14.94±1.06bcd
Z1+S1	97.3±4.35bc	6±0.44a	6±0.19c	16.93±0.55e
Z1+S2	90.97±2.89a	6±0.19a	5±0.1b	12.12±1.12a
Z2+S1	99.63±0.8c	7±0.6b	5±0.33b	16.07±1.28de
Z2+S2	91.1±2.48a	7±0.17b	6±0.25c	13.58±1.01ab

图2 水稻根（A）、茎（B）、叶（C）、稻壳（D）和籽粒（E）中汞、锌和硒的含量

Fig. 2 Contents of Hg, Zn, and Se in rice roots（A）, stems（B）, leaves（C）, rice husks（D）, and grains（E）

图3 水稻根-茎（A）、根-叶（B）、根-稻壳（C）和根-籽粒（D）的汞转运系数

Fig. 3 Hg transfer coefficients of rice roots to stems（A）, roots to leaves（B）, roots to rice husks（C）, and roots to grains（D）

图4 水稻稻壳（A）、茎（B）、籽粒（C）、叶（D）和根（E）中汞的富集系数 A、B、D、E饼状图总比例为6.5%，C为1%

Fig. 4 Enrichment coefficients of mercury in rice husks（A）, stems（B）, grains（C）, leaves（D）and rice roots（E） The total proportion of pie charts in A, B, D, and E is 6.5%, while C is 1%

图5 高低浓度锌硒单、配施后各影响因子间的相关性热图 *和**分别表示在P<0.05水平显著相关和P<0.01水平极显著相关

Fig. 5 Heat map of correlation between various influencing factors of high and low concentrations of zinc and selenium after single and combined application * and * * respectively indicate significant correlation at the P<0.05 level and extremely significant correlation at the P<0.01 level

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