当归肉桂醇脱氢酶AsCAD功能鉴定及表达分析

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2024-0760

生物技术通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (2): 295-308.doi: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2024-0760

• 研究报告 • 上一篇

当归肉桂醇脱氢酶AsCAD功能鉴定及表达分析

向春繁¹^,²(), 李勒松¹^,², 王娟¹^,², 梁艳丽¹, 杨生超¹^,², 栗孟飞³, 赵艳¹^,²()

^1.云南农业大学西南中药材种质创新与利用国家地方联合工程研究中心云南省药用植物生物学重点实验室农学与生物技术学院，昆明 650201
^2.云南特色植物提取实验室，昆明 650106
^3.甘肃农业大学农学院，兰州 730070

收稿日期:2024-08-08 出版日期:2025-02-26 发布日期:2025-02-28
通讯作者: 赵艳，女，博士，教授，研究方向：药用植物学；E-mail: zhaoyankm@126.com
作者简介:向春繁，女，硕士研究生，研究方向：药用植物资源；E-mail: 17869407534@163.com
基金资助:
云南特色植物提取实验室自主研究项目基金(2022YKZY001);云南省科技计划项目(202304B1090009);云南省兴滇英才支持计划“青年人才”项目(XDYC-QNRC-2022-0219);甘肃省科技厅重点研发计划(22YF7NA111)

Functional Identification and Expression Analysis of Cinnamonyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase AsCAD in Angelica sinensis

XIANG Chun-fan¹^,²(), LI Le-song¹^,², WANG Juan¹^,², LIANG Yan-li¹, YANG Sheng-chao¹^,², LI Meng-fei³, ZHAO Yan¹^,²()

^1.Yunnan Agricultural University, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Gemplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Kunming 650201
^2.Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Kunming 650106
^3.Agronomy College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070

Received:2024-08-08 Published:2025-02-26 Online:2025-02-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的探究当归中木质素合成关键肉桂醇脱氢酶的催化活性及表达特性，为解决当归抽薹后根部木质化问题提供新的研究思路和理论基础。方法以非木质化根（UBP）和木质化根（BP）为实验材料，基于转录组数据挖掘候选肉桂醇脱氢酶基因；克隆AsCADs基因的全长CDS，构建pET-28a-AsCADs原核表达载体，转入大肠杆菌（E. coli）BL21（DE3），并诱导重组蛋白表达及体外酶活测定；生物信息学分析具有活性的CAD蛋白序列；利用实时荧光定量PCR对木质化和非木质化根部进行基因表达模式分析。结果共鉴定出30个AsCADs基因，其中挖掘并克隆到3个肉桂醇脱氢酶基因AsCAD1、AsCAD4和AsCAD24，均包含2个Zn ²⁺ 结合位点和1个NAD（H）辅酶结合位点。体外酶活测定发现AsCAD1能催化松柏醛和咖啡醛还原为相应的醇，AsCAD4和AsCAD24能催化对羟基肉桂醛、松柏醛、咖啡醛和芥子醛还原为相应的醇。AsCAD1、AsCAD4和AsCAD24开放阅读框为1 083 bp，编码360个氨基酸，理论等电点（pI）为6.1和5.52，AsCAD1为疏水性蛋白，AsCAD4和AsCAD24为亲水性蛋白，均不含跨膜结构和信号肽，亚细胞定位均定位在细胞质中。RT-qPCR结果显示AsCAD1在非木质化根（UBP）中的表达量高，而AsCAD4和AsCAD24在木质化根（BP）中的表达量高。结论成功克隆了AsCAD1、AsCAD4和AsCAD24基因，原核表达后蛋白均具有催化活性，其相对表达水平在木质化与非木质化根中存在差异。

关键词: 当归, 木质化, 肉桂醇脱氢酶, 原核表达, 体外酶活, 表达分析

Abstract:

Objective The study is to explore the catalytic activity and expression characteristics of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase, which is a key enzyme of lignin synthesis in Angelica sinensis, and to provide a new research idea and theoretical basis for solving the issue of lignification in the roots of A. sinensis. Method Unbolted roots (UBP) and bolted roots (BP) were used as experimental materials to identify candidate cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase genes based on transcriptome data. The full-length CDS of AsCADs gene was cloned, the prokaryotic expression vector pET-28a-AsCADs was constructed, transferred into E. coli BL21 (DE3), and the recombinant protein expression was induced and enzyme activity was measured in vitro. The active CAD protein sequences were analyzed by bioinformatics. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to analyze the gene expression patterns of UBP and BP. Result A total of 30 AsCADs genes were identified, among which 3 cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase genes, AsCAD1, AsCAD4 and AsCAD24, were reported and cloned, all containing two Zn²⁺ binding sites and 1 NAD(H) coenzyme binding site. In vitro enzymatic assay revealed that AsCAD1 catalyzed the reduction of coniferaldehyde and cafferaldehyde to the corresponding alcohols, and AsCAD4 and AsCAD24 catalyzed the reduction of p-coumaraldehyde, coniferaldehyde, cafferaldehyde and sinapaldehyde to the corresponding alcohols. AsCAD1, AsCAD4 and AsCAD24 contained an open reading frame of 1 083 bp, encoded 360 amino acids, and theoretical isoelectric points (pI) of 6.1 and 5.52, of which AsCAD1 was a hydrophobic protein, AsCAD4 and AsCAD24 were hydrophilic proteins, none of which contained a transmembrane structure and signal peptide, and the subcellular localization were in cytoplasm. RT-qPCR results showed that the expression of AsCAD1 was high in UBP, while AsCAD4 and AsCAD24 was high in BP. Conclusion The gene of AsCAD1, AsCAD4 and AsCAD24 are successfully cloned. The proteins all have catalytic activity after prokaryotic expression, and their relative expression levels are different in UBP and BP.

Key words: Angelica sinensis, lignification, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase, prokaryotic expression, enzyme activity in vitro, expression analysis

向春繁, 李勒松, 王娟, 梁艳丽, 杨生超, 栗孟飞, 赵艳. 当归肉桂醇脱氢酶AsCAD功能鉴定及表达分析[J]. 生物技术通报, 2025, 41(2): 295-308.

XIANG Chun-fan, LI Le-song, WANG Juan, LIANG Yan-li, YANG Sheng-chao, LI Meng-fei, ZHAO Yan. Functional Identification and Expression Analysis of Cinnamonyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase AsCAD in Angelica sinensis[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2025, 41(2): 295-308.

图/表 12

表1 引物序列

Table 1 Primer sequences

引物名称 Primer name	引物序列 Primer sequence （5'-3'）	备注 Note
AsCAD1-F	agcaaatgggtcgcggatccATGGAAAAATCAGCAGAAACCCAAC	基因克隆 Gene cloning
AsCAD1-R	ctcagtggtggtggtggtggtgGGCAGCCTGCAATGTATTTCCA
AsCAD4-F	acagcaaatgggtcgcggatccATGGGCAGCTTGGAAGTG
AsCAD4-R	tcagtggtggtggtggtggtgGGTTTCTTGATCAAGTTTGCTGC
AsCAD24-F	acagcaaatgggtcgcggatccATGGGCAGCTTGGAAGTG
AsCAD24-R	ggtggtggtggtggtgTGTTTCTCGATCAAGTTTGCTACCTG
环P-pET-28a-F	tggacagcaaatgggtcgcggatcc	环状载体克隆 Circular vector cloning
环P-pET-28a-R	ggatccgcgacccatttgctgtccac	环状载体克隆 Circular vector cloning
pET-28a-F-质粒	atctcgatcccgcgaaattaatac	原核表达Prokaryotic expression
pET-28a-R-质粒	tcctttcagcaaaaaacccct	原核表达Prokaryotic expression
q-AsCAD1-F	GGGAGGAAAATAGTAGCCGGTAG	实时荧光定量PCR RT-qPCR
q-AsCAD1-R	CAAGACGTTCCATTGCAGTGTTC
q-AsCAD4-F	GAAAGACGAGGCAATGGATCATC
q-AsCAD4-R	CAACAAGGAGAGGTAAGGTTCGA
q-AsCAD24-F	CACTCGAACCTTACCTCTCCTTG
q-AsCAD24-R	CCCTATGAAGCTCCCTGTTATGG
q-AsEEF1G-F	GTCCCAGCAGCCAAAAAGTC	内参基因 Reference gene
q-AsEEF1G-R	TCTGCCTTGGGCAATTCCTT	内参基因 Reference gene

表2 生物信息学分析网站链接

Table 2 Website links for bioinformatics analysis

生物信息学分析 Bioinformatics analysis	网址 Website links
开放阅读框（ORF）	https：//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/orffinder/ORF
蛋白理化性质分析	https：//web.expasy.org/protparam/
蛋白质二级结构	https：//npsa-prabi.ibcp.fr/cgi-bin/secpredsopma.pl
蛋白质三级结构	https：//swissmodel.expasy.org/interactive
蛋白信号肽预测	https：//services.healthtech.dtu.dk/services/SignalP-6.0/
蛋白跨膜结构域预测	https：//services.healthtech.dtu.dk/services/TMHMM-2.0/
蛋白亚细胞定位	https：//www.csbio.sjtu.edu.cn/bioinf/Cell-PLoc-2

图1 当归非木质化根（UBP）和木质化根（BP）番红固绿染色切片

Fig. 1 Safranin-Fast Green staining sections of roots from unbolted plant (UBP) and bolted plant (BP) in Angelica sinensis

图2 当归肉桂醇脱氢酶基因系统进化树及表达模式分析A：CAD家族进化树分析；B：CAD基因在当归UBP与BP中的表达量热图

Fig. 2 Phylogenetic tree and expression pattern analysis of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase genes in A. sinensisA: Analysis of the CAD family evolutionary tree. B: Heatmap of the expressions of CAD genes in UBP and BP of A. sinensis

图3 AsCAD1、AsCAD4和AsCAD24氨基酸多重序列比对

Fig. 3 Multiple alignment of amino acid sequences from AsCAD1, AsCAD4andAsCAD24

图4 AsCAD1、AsCAD4和AsCAD24基因克隆和重组蛋白SDS-PAGE分析M： Marker； A： AsCAD基因全长克隆PCR产物电泳（1，2，3依次为AsCAD1、AsCAD4和AsCAD24基因全长克隆产物）； B-D： pET-28a-His-AsCAD重组蛋白SDS-PAGE分析（B： pET-28a-His-AsCAD1复性上清； C： pET-28a-His-AsCAD4复性上清；D： pET-28a-His-AsCAD24复性上清）

Fig. 4 Cloning of the AsCAD1, AsCAD4 and AsCAD24 genes and SDS-PAGE analysis of the recombinant proteinsM: Marker. A: Electrophoresis of full-length cloning PCR products of AsCAD genes (1, 2, and 3 are the full-length cloning products of AsCAD1, AsCAD4, and AsCAD24 genes, respectively). B-D: SDS-PAGE analysis of pET-28a-His-AsCAD recombinant proteins (B: Renatured supernatant of pET-28a-His-AsCAD1. C: Renatured supernatant of pET-28a-His-AsCAD4. D: Renatured supernatant of pET-28a-His-AsCAD24)

图5 AsCAD1、AsCAD4和AsCAD24催化松柏醛的酶促反应及产物分析A： AsCAD1、AsCAD4和AsCAD24催化松柏醛的还原反应；B： HPLC检测酶促反应混合物及空白对照产物；C： LC-MS检测标准品及酶促反应混合物的分子量（1、2、3、4依次为标准品、AsCAD1、AsCAD4和AsCAD24的LC-MS结果）

Fig. 5 Enzymatic reaction and product analysis of coniferaldehyde catalyzed by AsCAD1, AsCAD4 and AsCAD24A: AsCAD1, AsCAD4 and AsCAD24 catalyze the reduction reaction of coniferaldehyde. B: HPLC is used to detect the products of enzymatic reaction mixtures and blank controls. C: LC-MS is used to detect the molecular weights of standards and enzymatic reaction mixtures (1, 2, 3, and 4 are the LC-MS results of standards, AsCAD1, AsCAD4 and AsCAD24, respectively)

图6 AsCAD1、AsCAD4和AsCAD24催化咖啡醛的酶促反应及产物分析A： AsCAD1、AsCAD4和AsCAD24催化咖啡醛的还原反应；B： HPLC检测酶促反应混合物及空白对照产物；C：LC-MS检测标准品及酶促反应混合物的分子量（1、2、3、4依次为标准品、AsCAD1、AsCAD4和AsCAD24的LC-MS结果）

Fig. 6 Enzymatic reaction and product analysis of caffealdehyde catalyzed by AsCAD1, AsCAD4and AsCAD24A: Reduction reaction of caffealdehyde catalyzed by AsCAD1, AsCAD4 and AsCAD24. B: Detection of enzymatic reaction mixture and blank control product by HPLC. C: Detection of molecular weights of standard and enzymatic reaction mixture by LC-MS (1,2,3,4 are the LC-MS results of standard, AsCAD1, AsCAD4 and AsCAD24, respectively)

图7 AsCAD1、AsCAD4和AsCAD24催化对羟基肉桂醛的酶促反应及产物分析A： AsCAD4和AsCAD24催化对羟基肉桂醛的还原反应；B： HPLC检测酶促反应混合物及空白对照产物；C：LC-MS检测标准品及酶促反应混合物的分子量（1、2、3依次为标准品、AsCAD4和AsCAD24的LC-MS结果）

Fig. 7 Enzymatic reaction and product analysis of p-coumaraldehyde catalyzed by AsCAD1, AsCAD4 and AsCAD24A: Reduction reaction of p-coumaraldehyde catalysed by AsCAD1, AsCAD4 and AsCAD24. B: Detection of enzymatic reaction mixture and blank control product by HPLC. C: Detection of molecular weights of standard and enzymatic reaction mixture by LC-MS (1,2,3 are the LC-MS results of standard, AsCAD4 and AsCAD24, respectively)

图 8 AsCAD1、AsCAD4和AsCAD24催化芥子醛的酶促反应及产物分析A： AsCAD4和AsCAD24催化芥子醛的还原反应；B： HPLC检测酶促反应混合物及空白对照产物；C： LC-MS检测标准品及酶促反应混合物的分子量（1、2、3依次为标准品、AsCAD4和AsCAD24的LC-MS结果）

Fig. 8 Enzymatic reaction and product analysis of sinapaldehyde catalyzed by AsCAD1, AsCAD4 and AsCAD24A: Reduction reaction of sinapaldehyde catalysed by AsCAD1, AsCAD4 and AsCAD24. B: Detection of enzymatic reaction mixture and blank control product by HPLC. C: Detection of molecular weights of standard and enzymatic reaction mixture by LC-MS (1,2,3 are the LC-MS results of standard, AsCAD4 and AsCAD24, respectively)

图 9 三个AsCAD蛋白的二级和三级结构预测A-C： AsCAD1、AsCAD4和AsCAD24蛋白二级结构预测；D-F： AsCAD1、AsCAD4和AsCAD24蛋白三级结构预测（紫色：螺旋；绿色：延伸链；银白色：无规则卷曲）

Fig. 9 Secondary and tertiary structure prediction of three AsCAD proteinsA-C: Predicted secondary structures of AsCAD1, AsCAD4 and AsCAD24. D-F: Predicted tertiary structure of AsCAD1, AsCAD4 and AsCAD24 (Purple: Spiral; green: extended chain; silver white: irregular curl)

图10 AsCAD1、AsCAD4和AsCAD24基因在当归UBP和BP的相对表达量**P<0.001

Fig. 10 Relative expressions of AsCAD1, AsCAD4 and AsCAD24 genes in the UBP and BP of A. sinensis

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当归肉桂醇脱氢酶AsCAD功能鉴定及表达分析

Functional Identification and Expression Analysis of Cinnamonyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase AsCAD in Angelica sinensis

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