贝莱斯芽胞杆菌XY40-1对百合球茎生长、品质及镉含量的调控作用

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2024-1245

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的通过施用贝莱斯芽胞杆菌（Bacillus velezensis）XY40-1菌剂，探究其对百合球茎产量与品质的影响，解析其对土壤理化性质、微生物群落结构及重金属转运功能的影响，以期为百合高效种植与土壤健康管理提供科学依据。方法通过滴灌系统分阶段在百合生长过程中施用菌剂。测定百合单果鲜重、干重及球茎中蛋白质、多糖、总皂苷含量与镉积累量；结合高通量测序技术分析根际土壤微生物群落结构变化，并基于宏基因组学解析氮代谢与镉转运相关功能基因的表达模式。结果施用XY40-1菌剂后土壤pH值提高至5.41，速效钾含量增加31.15%。百合单果鲜重与干重分别增加18.89%和19.49%，亩产提升16.47%；百合球茎中蛋白质含量增加15.1%，多糖含量增加11.5%，总皂苷含量增加21.4%，而镉积累量降低11.45%。微生物群落分析表明，处理组厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）与拟杆菌门（Bacteroidota）相对丰度显著增加，变形菌门（Proteobacteria）与放线菌门（Actinobacteria）丰度下降；宏基因组数据显示，固氮基因（nifD、nifH）、硝酸盐还原基因（narG、napA）及镉抗性基因（czcA、czcD）表达显著上调。结论 B. velezensis XY40-1通过改善土壤理化性质、优化微生物群落结构及激活关键代谢功能基因，显著提升百合产量与品质，同时降低球茎镉富集水平。

关键词: 卷丹百合, 贝莱斯芽胞杆菌, 微生物群落, 宏基因组, 氮代谢, 镉污染

Abstract:

Objective This study aims to investigate the effects of Bacillus velezensis XY40-1 microbial agent on the yield and quality of lily bulbs. Additionally, it seeks to elucidate its impact on soil physicochemical properties, microbial community structure, and heavy metal transport functions, with the ultimate goal of providing a scientific foundation for efficient lily cultivation and soil health management. Method A drip irrigation system was used to apply the microbial agent during the lily growth process. The fresh weight, dry weight, as well as the protein, polysaccharide, total saponin content, and cadmium accumulation in the lily bulbs were measured. Additionally, high-throughput sequencing technology was employed to analyze the changes in the rhizosphere soil microbial community structure, while metagenomic analysis was used to examine the expression patterns of functional genes related to nitrogen metabolism and cadmium transport. Result After the application of XY40-1 microbial agent, the soil pH increased to 5.41, and the content of available potassium rose by 31.15%. The fresh weight and dry weight of individual lily bulbs increased by 18.89% and 19.49%, respectively, while the yield per mu was enhanced by 16.47%. Moreover, the protein content in the lily bulbs increased by 15.1%, polysaccharide content by 11.5%, and total saponin content by 21.4%, while cadmium accumulation decreased by 11.45%. Microbial community analysis revealed that the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidota significantly increased in the treatment group, while the abundance of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria decreased. Metagenomic data indicated a significant upregulation of nitrogen fixation genes (nifD, nifH), nitrate reduction genes (narG, napA), and cadmium resistance genes (czcA, czcD). Conclusion B. velezensis XY40-1 significantly enhances lily yield and quality, while reducing cadmium accumulation in the bulbs, by improving soil physicochemical properties, optimizing microbial community structure, and activating key metabolic function genes.

Key words: Lilium lancifolium, Bacillus velezensis, microbiome, metagenomics, nitrogen metabolism, cadmium pollution

张津浩, 邓辉, 张清壮, 陶禹, 周池, 李鑫. 贝莱斯芽胞杆菌XY40-1对百合球茎生长、品质及镉含量的调控作用[J]. 生物技术通报, 2025, 41(7): 281-291.

ZHANG Jin-hao, DENG Hui, ZHANG Qing-zhuang, TAO Yu, ZHOU Chi, LI Xin. Modulation of the Growth， Quality， and Cadmium Content of Lily Bulbs by Bacillus velezensis XY40-1[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2025, 41(7): 281-291.

图/表 9

表1 土壤理化性质

Table 1 Soil physical and chemical properties

处理

Treatment

总氮 Total nitrogen （g/kg）

总磷 Total phosphorus （g/kg）

总钾 Total potassium （g/kg）

有机质 Organic matter （g/kg）

水解氮 Hydrolyzable nitrogen （mg/kg）

有效磷 Available phosphorus （mg/kg）

速效钾 Available potassium （mg/kg）

图1 土壤中总镉及五态镉含量

Fig. 1 Total cadmium and the contents of the five fractions of cadmium in the soil

表2 微生物α多样性指数

Table 2 α diversity index of microorganisms

微生物类型 Type of microorganism	处理 Treatment	Shannon指数 Shannon index	Simpson指数 Simpson index	ACE指数 ACE index	Chao 1指数 Chao 1 index	覆盖率 Coverage （%）
真菌 Fungi	CK	5.946±0.07a	0.91±0.004a	1 361.69±12.11a	1 358.058±11.523a	99.99
真菌 Fungi	T	5.791±0.04b	0.91±0.005a	1 322.22±6.266a	1 305.827±4.777a	99.99
细菌 Bacteria	CK	8.39±0.02a	0.98±0.000 3a	1 257.31±2.87a	1 254.28±2.837a	99.99
细菌 Bacteria	T	8.55±0.04b	0.99±0.000 7b	868.12±3.56.33b	865.722±4.61b	99.99

图2 细菌门水平以及属水平相对丰度A：不同处理下细菌群落门水平的分类组成；B：不同处理下细菌群落属水平的分类组成；C：细菌群落的主成分分析（PCA）

Fig. 2 Relative abundances at bacterial phylum and genus levelA: Taxonomic composition of bacterial communities under different treatments at the phylum level; B: taxonomic composition of bacterial communities under different treatments at the genus level; C: principal component analysis (PCA) of bacterial communities

图3 百合块茎成分指标及产量A：百合块茎成分含量变化；B：百合块茎中镉含量；C：百合产量的变化

Fig. 3 Composition and yield indicators for lily tubersA: Lily bulb compositional changes. B: Cadmium content in lily. C: Changes in lily yield

图4 百合根际土壤微生物丰度变化A：土壤微生物群落门水平组成；B：土壤微生物群落属水平组成

Fig. 4 Changes in soil microbial abundances around lily rhizosphereA: Taxonomic composition of bacterial communities in soils at the phylum level; B: taxonomic composition of bacterial communities in soils at the genus level

图5 百合根际土壤微生物丰度与基因功能的变化A：氮代谢途径；B：土壤细菌氮代谢相关基因表达水平的热图；C：土壤细菌中镉相关基因表达水平的热图

Fig. 5 Changes in soil microbial abundance and gene function around lily rhizosphereA: Nitrogen metabolism pathways. B: Heatmap of expressions of nitrogen metabolism-related genes in soil bacteria under different treatments. C: Heatmap of expressions of cadmium-related genes in soil bacteria under different treatments

图6 百合球茎门水平上的冗余分析A、C：基于单个样品门水平相对丰度和土壤性质的细菌（A）和真菌（C）群落冗余分析（RDA）；B、D：镉形态与丰富细菌（B）和真菌（D）门之间斯皮尔曼相关系数热图；Ex-Cd：可交换态镉。下同

Fig. 6 Redundancy analysis at the phylum levelA, C: Redundancy analysis (RDA) of bacterial (A) and fungal (C) communities based on relative abundances at phylum level and soil properties in individual samples. B, D: Heatmap of the Spearman correlation coefficient between Cd fractions and abundant bacterial (B) and fungal (D) phyla. Ex-Cd: Exchangeable cadmium. The same below

图7 根际土壤微生物门水平上的冗余分析A：基于单个样品门水平微生物群落相对丰度和土壤镉形态的冗余分析；B：镉形态与微生物门之间斯皮尔曼相关系数的热图

Fig. 7 Redundancy analysis at the phylum levelA: Redundancy analysis based on the relative abundances of microbial communities at the phylum level and soil cadmium fractions in individual samples. B: Heatmap of the Spearman correlation coefficient between cadmium fractions and microbial phyla

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