转录组和脂质代谢组联合分析不同紫苏α-亚麻酸合成调控差异

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2025-1008

生物技术通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (4): 129-140.doi: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2025-1008

• 研究报告 • 上一篇

转录组和脂质代谢组联合分析不同紫苏α-亚麻酸合成调控差异

王玉昆¹^,²^,³(), 原远²^,³, 王斌²^,³, 朱云娜²^,³, 任晓强²^,³, 任飞²^,³(), 叶红²^,³()

^1.广东省粤北食药资源利用与保护重点实验室，韶关 512005
^2.韶关学院生物与农业学院，韶关 512005
^3.粤北特色果蔬工程技术研究中心，韶关 512005

收稿日期:2025-09-22 出版日期:2026-02-09 发布日期:2026-02-09
通讯作者: 任飞，女，博士，讲师，研究方向：药用植物分子生物学；E-mail: ren_faye_sgu@163.com
叶红，女，博士，讲师，研究方向：植物分子生物学；E-mail: 19881212hong@163.com
作者简介:王玉昆，男，博士，副教授，研究方向：园艺植物分子生物学；E-mail: wangyu_kun1@163.com
基金资助:
广东省教育厅特色创新项目(2023KTSCX136);广东省教育厅重点科研平台和项目(2024GCZX006);韶关学院博士科研启动经费（2021年度）

Integrated Analysis of Transcriptome and Lipid Metabolome Reveals the Differences in α-Linolenic Acid Synthesis Regulation in Different Perilla frutescens

WANG Yu-kun¹^,²^,³(), YUAN Yuan²^,³, WANG Bin²^,³, ZHU Yun-na²^,³, REN Xiao-qiang²^,³, REN Fei²^,³(), YE Hong²^,³()

^1.Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Region, Shaoguan 512005
^2.College of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005
^3.Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center of Special Fruit and Vegetables in Northern Region, Shaoguan 512005

Received:2025-09-22 Published:2026-02-09 Online:2026-02-09

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的解析紫苏（Perilla frutescens）QO10和QS5种子α-亚麻酸（α-linolenic acid, ALA）含量差异，挖掘ALA合成及调控相关基因。为进一步创制高ALA含量的紫苏新品种提供遗传资源。方法采用形态学指标检测、转录组学和脂质代谢组学技术，对紫苏QO10和QS5种子形态、差异表达基因（differentially expressed genes, DEGs）和脂质代谢物谱进行系统分析。结果 QS5种子千粒重显著高于QO10。种皮色差分析表明QS5种皮颜色比QO10更亮，二者在种皮颜色上极易区分。脂质代谢组分析结果表明，QO10和QS5种子中脂质代谢物种类和相对含量具有明显差异，QS5种子中硬脂酸（stearic acid, SA）和ALA含量高于QO10。转录组分析结果显示，188个差异表达基因（DEGs）富集到6个与脂肪酸（fatty acid, FA）代谢相关的GO条目和5个KEGG通路。依据转录组‒脂质代谢组联合分析结果，最终筛选出15个关键酶及蛋白编码基因，包括直接参与ALA生物合成调控的ACSL、FABP、FAD2、ENR、KAR和KAS，以及间接参与ALA生物合成调控的脂肪酶（lipase）编码基因、LCAT3、FAR、SCL及HMGCR。此外，转录组分析显示38个WRKY转录因子（transcription factor, TF）和26个MYB TFs差异表达，并筛选了差异表达倍数最大的2个WRKY和2个MYB TFs作为候选TFs。最后，通过RT-qPCR验证10个与ALA生物合成调控相关的候选基因，定量结果与转录组测序结果一致。结论紫苏QO10与QS5种子在形态学上差异显著，且QS5含有更高的SA和ALA。筛选出15个酶编码基因和4个TFs，这些基因在QO10和QS5种子中的差异表达是造成ALA含量差异的可能原因。

关键词: 紫苏, 种子, α-亚麻酸, 代谢组, 转录组, 脂质, 联合分析

Abstract:

Objective This study aims to analyze the differences in α-linolenic acid (ALA) content between QO10 and QS5 seeds of Perilla frutescens, and find out genes related to ALA synthesis and regulation. The results will provide genetic resources for the further creation of new perilla varieties with high ALA content. Method Using morphological index determination, transcriptomics, and lipid metabolomics techniques, a systematic analysis was performed on the seed morphology, differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and lipid metabolite profiles of perilla QO10 and QS5. Result The 1 000-seed weight of QS5 seeds was significantly higher than that of QO10. Seed coat color difference analysis indicated that the seed coat color of QS5 was brighter than that of QO10, and the two were easily distinguishable in terms of seed coat color. Results of lipid metabolomics analysis demonstrated that there were significant differences in the types and relative contents of lipid metabolites between QO10 and QS5 seeds; the contents of stearic acid (SA) and ALA in QS5 seeds were higher than those in QO10. Transcriptomic analysis results showed that 188 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were enriched in 6 GO terms and 5 KEGG pathways related to fatty acid (FA) metabolism. Based on the results of transcriptome-lipid metabolome integrated analysis, 15 key enzyme and protein-coding genes were finally screened out. These included ACSL, FABP, FAD2, ENR, KAR, and KAS as well as lipase (lipase)-coding gene, LCAT3, FAR, SCL, and HMGCR. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis revealed that 38 WRKY transcription factors (TFs) and 26 MYB TFs were differentially expressed; 2 WRKY TFs and 2 MYB TFs with the largest fold changes in differential expression were selected as candidate TFs. Finally, 10 candidate genes related to the regulation of ALA biosynthesis were verified by RT-qPCR, and the quantitative results were consistent with those of transcriptome sequencing. Conclusion There were significant morphological differences between the seeds of QO10 and QS5, and QS5 contained higher levels of SA and ALA. Nineteen genes related to the regulation of ALA biosynthesis were screened out, whose differential expression in QO10 and QS5 seeds is a potential cause of the difference in ALA content.

Key words: Perilla frutescens, seeds, α-linolenic acid, metabolome, transcriptome, lipid, integrated analysis

王玉昆, 原远, 王斌, 朱云娜, 任晓强, 任飞, 叶红. 转录组和脂质代谢组联合分析不同紫苏α-亚麻酸合成调控差异[J]. 生物技术通报, 2026, 42(4): 129-140.

WANG Yu-kun, YUAN Yuan, WANG Bin, ZHU Yun-na, REN Xiao-qiang, REN Fei, YE Hong. Integrated Analysis of Transcriptome and Lipid Metabolome Reveals the Differences in α-Linolenic Acid Synthesis Regulation in Different Perilla frutescens[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2026, 42(4): 129-140.

图/表 10

图1 紫苏QO10和QS5种子的形态学观察A：QO10和QS5种子形态；B：QO10和QS5种子千粒重；C‒F：QO10和QS5种子种皮色差参数测定；L*值表示颜色的明亮程度；a*值表示颜色在“红色‒绿色”轴上的偏向；b*值表示颜色在“黄色‒蓝色”轴上的偏向；ΔE值表示综合L*、a*、b* 3个维度的差异，计算得出的总色差值；**P<0.01；n.s.：无显著差异；比例尺=1 cm

Fig. 1 Morphological observation of perilla (Perilla frutescens) QO10 and QS5 seedsA: Morphology of QO10 and QS5 seeds; B: 1 000-seed weight of QO10 and QS5 seeds; C‒F: determination of color difference parameters of seed coats of QO10 and QS5 seeds. The L* value indicates the lightness of a color. The a* value indicates the color’s bias on the “red-green” axis. The b* value indicates the color’s bias on the “yellow-blue” axis. The ΔE value indicates the total color difference value calculated by integrating the differences in the three dimensions of L*, a*, and b*. ** P<0.01; n.s..: no significant difference. Scale bar=1 cm

图2 紫苏QO10和QS5种子中差异脂质代谢物的种类、数量及积累模式

Fig. 2 Types, quantities, and accumulation patterns of differential lipid metabolites in perilla QO10 and QS5 seeds

图3 紫苏QO10和QS5种子中Top20差异脂质代谢物及相对含量

Fig. 3 Top20 differential lipid metabolites and their relative contents in perilla QO10 and QS5 seeds

表2 转录组测序数据统计

Table 2 Transcriptome sequencing data statistics

样本 Samples	总读数 Total reads	干净读数 Clean reads	干净碱基 Clean bases	GC含量 GC content （%）	Q30百分比Q30 percentage （%）	比对读数 Mapped reads	特异比对读数 Unique mapped reads
Q010-1	43 192 794	21 596 397	6 460 553 535	47.69	94.72	41 275 128 （95.56%）	38 960 150 （90.20%）
Q010-2	49 973 860	24 986 930	7 472 777 948	47.50	94.35	47 022 281 （94.09%）	44 202 523 （88.45%）
Q010-3	41 845 218	20 922 609	6 256 919 302	47.65	94.85	39 954 021 （95.48%）	37 653 099 （89.98%）
QS5-1	38 146 772	19 073 386	5 698 842 059	49.37	94.56	34 751 710 （91.10%）	30 637 108 （88.16%）
QS5-2	36 792 684	18 396 342	5 494 890 960	49.46	94.45	34 287 102 （93.19%）	30 669 813 （89.45%）
QS5-3	36 323 210	18 161 605	5 424 955 610	49.49	94.73	34 314 537 （94.47%）	30 502 192 （88.89%）

图4 DEGs火山图

Fig. 4 Volcano plot of DEGs

图5 DEGs的GO（A）和KEGG（B）富集分析

Fig. 5 GO (A) and KEGG (B) enrichment analysis of DEGs

图6 候选DEGs的功能注释和表达模式

Fig. 6 Functional annotation and expression patterns of candidate DEGs

图7 紫苏种子ALA合成代谢转录组‒代谢组映射通路红色字体表示上调，蓝色字体表示下调。转录组热图表示基因在不同样品中的表达水平（FPKM），代谢组热图表示代谢物在不同样品中的积累量。R1‒R3表示生物学重复

Fig. 7 Joint analysis of transcriptome and metabolome of ALA anabolism in perilla seedsRed font indicates upregulation and blue font indicates downregulation. The transcriptome heatmap represents the expression levels (FPKM) of genes in different samples, and the metabolome heatmap indicates the accumulation of metabolites in different samples. R1‒R3 indicates biological replications

图8 差异表达的WRKY（A）和MYB（B）TFs的表达模式

Fig. 8 Expression patterns of differentially expressed WRKY (A) and MYB (B) TFs

图9 DEGs表达模式的RT-qPCR验证

Fig. 9 RT-qPCR validation of the expression patterns of DEGs

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转录组和脂质代谢组联合分析不同紫苏α-亚麻酸合成调控差异

Integrated Analysis of Transcriptome and Lipid Metabolome Reveals the Differences in α-Linolenic Acid Synthesis Regulation in Different Perilla frutescens

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