Abstract: microRNAs（miRNAs），a class of small，endogenous and non-coding RNAs，play critical regulatory functions in many cell processes such as cell development，fat metabolism，organs generation，cell differentiation and apoptosis，etc. Researchers have discovered that the dysregulation of miRNA expression is closely associated with various diseases including human cancers and diabetes. Therefore，the prompt and accurate detection of miRNA expression is the prerequisite for the further researches on it. Many assays for miRNA detection have recently been developed，but the detection techniques for polymorphism and mutation of miRNA are not so mature. Furthermore，the sensitivity for detection technology of microscale miRNA in biological samples also needs further development and breakthroughs. The new developed miRNA detection techniques with high selectivity and high sensitivity are reviewed in this paper，and then this may provide important assistance for further study on the related detection technologies.

Key words: miRNA, detection method, high selectivity, high sensitivity, gene regulation