The Augmentation Strategies and Mechanisms in the Phytoremediation of Heavy Metal-contaminated Soil

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2018-0618

Abstract

Abstract: Heavy metal pollution has posed a harmful influence on ecological environment,agricultural production,human health and many other aspects. Phytoremediation,a cost-effective and green ecological biotechnology,has been a research focus in the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil. Actually,most phytoremediation cases were limited to the lab research due to the factors such as heavy metal toxicity of plants and time consuming during the remediation process. Reasonable augmentation measures may enhance the phytoremediation efficiency,which may be a key to solve the problem mentioned above. Rhizobium,arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi,phosphate-solubilizing microbe,and endophytic fungi may construct the microbe-plants symbiotic system with plants as host,and the application of such microbe-plants symbiotic system in phytoremediation field is discussed. Meanwhile,the function of chelating agents for enhancing phytoremediation efficiency is reviewed,for example,EDTA and EDDS etc.,with the ability to change the heavy metal solubility in the soil,prompt the heavy metals to transfer into plants from the soil. Genes encoding proteins involved in heavy metals transfer and metabolism,including metal transporter protein,metallothionein,and phytochelatins,are introduced about their applications in phytoremediation. The main mechanisms of the above-mentioned augmentation strategies are summarized as microbes promoting plant growth,alleviating the toxicity of heavy metal plants,and increasing the bioavailability of heavy metals in the soil,thereby promoting the over-accumulation of heavy metals in plants and the increase of plant biomass. Finally,the key research points and existing problems in phytoremediation augmentation technology in future are summarized and forecasted. This article systematically reviews the main augmentation strategies and mechanisms used in phytoremediation technology,aiming at providing an important reference for the use of phytoremediation technology to solve soil contamination by heavy metal.

Key words: phytoremediation, heavy metal, contaminated soil, augmentation strategies, mechanisms

YUAN Jin-wei, CHEN Ji, CHEN Fang, LIU Wan-hong. The Augmentation Strategies and Mechanisms in the Phytoremediation of Heavy Metal-contaminated Soil[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2019, 35(1): 120-130.

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