Effects of Intercropping and Nitrogen Application on the Diversity and Functions of Soil Bacteria around Sorghum Rhizosphere

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2025-0001

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective To explore the effects of different planting modes and nitrogen application treatments on the bacterial community of sorghum roots. Method Two planting modes (SW: sole sorghum planting; WS: sorghum intercropping with soybean) and three nitrogen application levels (N0: no nitrogen; N1: conventional nitrogen; N2: high nitrogen) were set up, 16S rRNA sequences in sorghum rhizosphere soil under different treatments were determined, and bacterial diversity and function were analyzed. Result The abundance of bacterial community increased with increasing N application in sole cropping while decreased with increasing N application in intercropping. No significant difference was observed between the treatments in Shannon index and Simpson index. The planting modes and nitrogen application levels significantly affected the composition of rhizosphere bacterial communities. There were six dominant phyla in sorghum rhizosphere soil, i.e., Proteobacteria, Acidobacteriota, Actinobacteria, Gemmatimonadota, Bacteroidota, and Chloroflexi. Bacterial function prediction using FAPROTAX centered mainly on chemoheterotrophic, autotrophic chemoheterotrophic, prephagous or ectoparasitic, nitrate reduction, and animal parasites or symbionts. Correlation network analysis showed that there were more interactions of bacterial community in intercropping and more complex networks than sole cropping under the conditions of N0 and N1. Conclusion Intercropping and different nitrogen application levels affected the composition of bacterial community in sorghum rhizosphere soil. In a certain range of nitrogen application level, intercropping may improve the bacterial diversity in sorghum rhizosphere soil and increase the relative abundance of Actinobacteria and Bradyrhizobium.

Key words: sorghum, intercropped soybean, nitrogen application, rhizosphere soil, structure of community

ZHAO Qiang, CHEN Si-yu, PENG Fang-li, WANG Can, GAO Jie, ZHOU Ling-bo, ZHANG Guo-bing, JIANG Yu-wen, SHAO Ming-bo. Effects of Intercropping and Nitrogen Application on the Diversity and Functions of Soil Bacteria around Sorghum Rhizosphere[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2025, 41(6): 307-316.

Figures/Tables 7

References 39

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种植模式 Planting mode	施肥处理 Treatment of applying fertilizer	高粱施肥量 Amount of applied fertilizer in planting sorghum （kg/hm）
种植模式 Planting mode	施肥处理 Treatment of applying fertilizer	N	P₂O₅	K₂O
SW	N0	0	100	300
	N1	200	100	300
	N2	400	100	300
WS	N0	0	110	330
	N1	220	110	330
	N2	440	110	330

种植模式 Planting mode	施肥处理 Treatment of applying fertilizer	高粱施肥量 Amount of applied fertilizer in planting sorghum （kg/hm）
种植模式 Planting mode	施肥处理 Treatment of applying fertilizer	N	P₂O₅	K₂O
SW	N0	0	100	300
	N1	200	100	300
	N2	400	100	300
WS	N0	0	110	330
	N1	220	110	330
	N2	440	110	330

处理 Treatment	OTUs	Shannon 指数 Shannon index	辛普森指数 Simpson index	Chao1 指数 Chao1 index	Ace 指数 Ace index
SW-N0	2 172	6.15±0.04	0.995 39±0.000 08	1 961.47±66.76	1 945.77±60.31
SW-N1	2 348	6.23±0.08	0.995 19±0.000 65	2 058.32±111.01	2 064.59±29.30
SW-N2	2 365	6.18±0.01	0.995 02±0.000 11	2 124.00±33.78	2 119.75±27.64
WS-N0	2 309	6.28±0.04	0.995 61±0.000 54	2 079.17±49.92	2 090.03±18.57
WS-N1	2 318	6.31±0.05	0.995 98±0.000 37	2 110.02±28.00	2 044.01±92.08
WS-N2	2 282	6.13±0.21	0.994 79±0.001 36	1 924.67±127.36	1 929.61±126.98

处理 Treatment	OTUs	Shannon 指数 Shannon index	辛普森指数 Simpson index	Chao1 指数 Chao1 index	Ace 指数 Ace index
SW-N0	2 172	6.15±0.04	0.995 39±0.000 08	1 961.47±66.76	1 945.77±60.31
SW-N1	2 348	6.23±0.08	0.995 19±0.000 65	2 058.32±111.01	2 064.59±29.30
SW-N2	2 365	6.18±0.01	0.995 02±0.000 11	2 124.00±33.78	2 119.75±27.64
WS-N0	2 309	6.28±0.04	0.995 61±0.000 54	2 079.17±49.92	2 090.03±18.57
WS-N1	2 318	6.31±0.05	0.995 98±0.000 37	2 110.02±28.00	2 044.01±92.08
WS-N2	2 282	6.13±0.21	0.994 79±0.001 36	1 924.67±127.36	1 929.61±126.98

处理 Treatment	节点数 Number of nodes	边数 Number of edges	正相关边数 Number of positive edges	负相关边数 Number of negative edges	聚类系数 Clustering coefficient	模块性 Modularity
SW-N0	161	668	444	224	0.509 1	0.533 9
SW-N1	165	747	491	256	0.539 4	0.551 9
SW-N2	171	763	498	265	0.563 8	0.570 9
WS-N0	168	756	499	257	0.582 4	0.552 3
WS-N1	172	768	511	257	0.598 6	0.569 4
WS-N2	164	725	478	247	0.518 9	0.546 9