Genetic Diversity of Taxus chinensis var. mairei in Taihang Mountains Based on SSR Molecular Markers

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2025-0490

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective Taxus spp. are Class I protected endangered plants in China. Elucidating the genetic diversity and variation within T. chinensis var. mairei populations in the Taihang Mountain region will provide valuable insights for both conservation of genetic resources and development of improved cultivars. Method In this study, the genetic diversity and genetic variation of nine T. chinensis var. mairei populations in the Taihang Mountains and three populations from Zhejiang, Hunan and Fujian provinces (total of 106 individuals) were analyzed based on 8 pairs of SSR primers with good stability and polymorphism. Result Across the twelve T.chinensis var. mairei populations, genetic diversity analysis revealed the following averages: observed alleles (Na) = 2.781, effective alleles (Ne) = 2.074, Shannon information index (I) = 0.679, observed heterozygosity (Ho) = 0.390, and expected heterozygosity (He) = 0.381. Analysis of the genetic differentiation index (Fst) and gene flow intensity (Nm) revealed predominantly low to moderate levels of genetic differentiation (Fst<0.15) and frequent gene flow (Nm>>1) among the T. chinensis var. mairei populations within the Taihang Mountains region. In contrast, higher genetic differentiation (Fst>0.25) and low gene flow (Nm<1) were observed between these Taihang Mountains populations and populations from Zhejiang, Hunan, and Fujian provinces. Furthermore, Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) revealed that the genetic variation in T. chinensis var. mairei populations occurred primarily within individuals, while relatively low proportions of variation were found among populations and among individuals. Based on STRUCTURE and cluster analyses, the 106 samples could be divided into two major groups. Accessions from Fujian, Hunan, and Zhejiang provinces clustered together, while the T. chinensis var. mairei populations from the Taihang Mountains formed a distinct cluster, and the individuals of Taihang mountain were mixed with each other and had rich genetic background. Conclusion This study reveals that the T. chinensis var. mairei populations collectively possess relatively high genetic diversity. However, populations within the Taihang Mountains region demonstrate lower levels of genetic diversity. Within this region, populations showed low to moderate genetic differentiation and relatively high levels of gene flow. In contrast, significant genetic differentiation was observed between the Taihang Mountains populations and those from lower-latitude regions.

Key words: Taxus chinensis var. mairei, Taihang Mountain, SSR marker, genetic diversity, genetic variation

DU Yu-qing, JIANG Lu-yuan, WANG Yi-heng, WU Chen-wei, YANG Meng-lu, LIU Xu-sheng, WANG Xiao-jun, QIU De-you, FAN Wei, YANG Yan-fang. Genetic Diversity of Taxus chinensis var. mairei in Taihang Mountains Based on SSR Molecular Markers[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2025, 41(12): 214-224.

Figures/Tables 11

References 31

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种群编号 Population code	产地 Resource	个体数 Number of individuals
19	河南三门峡市卢氏县 Lushi County， Sanmenxia City， Henan Province	10
20	河南南阳市南召县 Nanzhao County， Nanyang City， Henan Province	10
52	河南洛阳市汝阳县 Ruyang County， Luoyang City， Henan Province	10
LS	山西省晋城市沁水县 Qinshui County， Jincheng City， Shanxi Province	10
MH	河南省济源市 Jiyuan City， Henan Province	11
SD	山西省晋城市陵川县 Lingchuan County， Jincheng City， Shanxi Province	10
SM	山西省晋城市陵川县 Lingchuan County， Jincheng City， Shanxi Province	10
TT	山西省晋城市阳城县 Yangcheng County， Jincheng City， Shanxi Province	11
YTH	山西省晋城市陵川县 Lingchuan County， Jincheng City， Shanxi Province	10
FJNF	福建省南平市 Nanping City， Fujian Province	5
HNNF	湖南省永州市 Yongzhou City， Hunan Province	5
ZJNF	浙江省丽水市 Lishui City， Zhejiang Province	5

种群编号 Population code	产地 Resource	个体数 Number of individuals
19	河南三门峡市卢氏县 Lushi County， Sanmenxia City， Henan Province	10
20	河南南阳市南召县 Nanzhao County， Nanyang City， Henan Province	10
52	河南洛阳市汝阳县 Ruyang County， Luoyang City， Henan Province	10
LS	山西省晋城市沁水县 Qinshui County， Jincheng City， Shanxi Province	10
MH	河南省济源市 Jiyuan City， Henan Province	11
SD	山西省晋城市陵川县 Lingchuan County， Jincheng City， Shanxi Province	10
SM	山西省晋城市陵川县 Lingchuan County， Jincheng City， Shanxi Province	10
TT	山西省晋城市阳城县 Yangcheng County， Jincheng City， Shanxi Province	11
YTH	山西省晋城市陵川县 Lingchuan County， Jincheng City， Shanxi Province	10
FJNF	福建省南平市 Nanping City， Fujian Province	5
HNNF	湖南省永州市 Yongzhou City， Hunan Province	5
ZJNF	浙江省丽水市 Lishui City， Zhejiang Province	5

引物名称 Primer name	引物序列 Primer sequences （5′-3′）	退火温度 Annealing temperature （℃）	荧光标签 Fluorescent labels
HDS10	F： CACGACGTTGTAAAACGACGTGGCGTGAAGAAAGTTGGT	55	FAM
HDS10	R： CCTCAGCAACAGACACAGGA	55	FAM
HDS52	F： CACGACGTTGTAAAACGACAACACAACACCCTCGTCTCC	55	VIC
HDS52	R： GTAAACATCGCCTTCCTTGC	55	VIC
HDS54	F： CACGACGTTGTAAAACGACCAATTCCGGAAACTTGCTGT	55	VIC
HDS54	R： TTCACCTGCCAATCTAAGGG	55	VIC
HDS76	F： CACGACGTTGTAAAACGACTGCAAATTTCCTCCCCATTA	55	NED
HDS76	R： GCTTCAACATTGCAAAACGA	55	NED
HDS82	F： CACGACGTTGTAAAACGACATTCACCGTGACTTCCAAGG	54	NED
HDS82	R： GTGGATTCGGTCACTTTGGT	54	NED
HDS84	F： CACGACGTTGTAAAACGACTGATGGCTTTTTGTTCCACA	55	NED
HDS84	R： AAGCATAAAAGGCGAGAGCA	55	NED
HDS86	F： CACGACGTTGTAAAACGACGCTCTCTCTGGATAGGCGTG	55	NED
HDS86	R： CGTTTCAAGAAAAACGGGAA	55	NED
HDS88	F： CACGACGTTGTAAAACGACTGCCATCTGCTCTATTGGATT	53	NED
HDS88	R： TGCCCAATAAACTATCATCTCC	53	NED

引物名称 Primer name	引物序列 Primer sequences （5′-3′）	退火温度 Annealing temperature （℃）	荧光标签 Fluorescent labels
HDS10	F： CACGACGTTGTAAAACGACGTGGCGTGAAGAAAGTTGGT	55	FAM
HDS10	R： CCTCAGCAACAGACACAGGA	55	FAM
HDS52	F： CACGACGTTGTAAAACGACAACACAACACCCTCGTCTCC	55	VIC
HDS52	R： GTAAACATCGCCTTCCTTGC	55	VIC
HDS54	F： CACGACGTTGTAAAACGACCAATTCCGGAAACTTGCTGT	55	VIC
HDS54	R： TTCACCTGCCAATCTAAGGG	55	VIC
HDS76	F： CACGACGTTGTAAAACGACTGCAAATTTCCTCCCCATTA	55	NED
HDS76	R： GCTTCAACATTGCAAAACGA	55	NED
HDS82	F： CACGACGTTGTAAAACGACATTCACCGTGACTTCCAAGG	54	NED
HDS82	R： GTGGATTCGGTCACTTTGGT	54	NED
HDS84	F： CACGACGTTGTAAAACGACTGATGGCTTTTTGTTCCACA	55	NED
HDS84	R： AAGCATAAAAGGCGAGAGCA	55	NED
HDS86	F： CACGACGTTGTAAAACGACGCTCTCTCTGGATAGGCGTG	55	NED
HDS86	R： CGTTTCAAGAAAAACGGGAA	55	NED
HDS88	F： CACGACGTTGTAAAACGACTGCCATCTGCTCTATTGGATT	53	NED
HDS88	R： TGCCCAATAAACTATCATCTCC	53	NED

引物名称 Primer name	等位基因数 Na	有效等位基因数 Ne	Shannon’s指数 I	观测杂合度 Ho	期望杂合度 He
HDS 10	2.417	1.786	0.612	0.449	0.377
HDS 52	1.500	1.307	0.251	0.067	0.158
HDS 54	1.917	1.474	0.423	0.302	0.261
HDS 76	5.583	4.038	1.441	0.549	0.705
HDS 82	4.083	2.632	1.070	0.701	0.576
HDS 84	2.750	2.314	0.794	0.561	0.469
HDS 86	1.500	1.092	0.136	0.070	0.071
HDS 88	2.500	1.951	0.702	0.423	0.433
Total	22.250	16.594	5.429	3.122	3.050
Average	2.781	2.074	0.679	0.390	0.381