Effects of Lactobacillus brevis on Mycotoxins and Microbial Community in Whole-plant Corn-soybean Mixed Silage during Aerobic Deterioration

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2025-1453

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective This study aimed to elucidate the effects of Lactobacillus brevis DN-1 on silage quality, aerobic stability, mycotoxins, and microbial diversity in whole-plant corn-soybean mixed silage (WPCS) during aerobic deterioration. Method Whole-plant corn and whole-plant soybean were mixed at a ratio of 1:1 and divided into the control group (CK) and the L. brevis DN-1 group (LB), with four replicates per group. After 60 days of ensiling, samples were collected at 0, 3, and 5 days of aerobic deterioration. The nutritional components, fermentation quality, aerobic stability, mycotoxin content, and microbial community of WPCS were subsequently analyzed. Result During aerobic deterioration, no significant differences were observed in crude protein (CP), pH, or lactic acid bacteria content between the LB group and the CK group at 0 and 3 days (P>0.05). However, at 5 days, these parameters were significantly higher in the LB group (P<0.05). At 5 days, the LB group also showed significantly lower levels of acid detergent fiber (ADF), ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N), mold, and deoxynivalenol (DON) compared with the CK group (P<0.05). At 3 and 5 days, the LB group exhibited significantly higher acetic acid (AA) content (P<0.05), while zearalenone (ZEA) and fumonisin B1 (FB1) levels were significantly reduced (P<0.05). The aerobic stability of the LB group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05).During aerobic deterioration, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were the dominant phyla in all samples. The relative abundances of Lactobacillus and Leuconostoc decreased with time, whereas the relative abundance of Bacillus increased with prolonged aerobic exposure. Correlation analysis showed that pH, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), DON, ZEA, FB1, propionic acid (PA), butyric acid (BA), and NH₃-N were negatively correlated with the genera Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, and Weissella. Lactic acid (LA) and AA were significantly positively correlated with the genus Lactobacillus (P<0.001) and negatively correlated with the genus Bacillus (P<0.01). Conclusion L. brevis DN-1 can reduce nutrient loss, increase the relative abundance of Lactobacilli, delay pH elevation and the decline of lactate and acetic acid, enhance aerobic stability, inhibit the accumulation of mold and its toxins, and improve the fermentation quality during aerobic deterioration of WPCS.

Key words: Lactobacillus brevis, mixed silage, aerobic deterioration, microbial community, mycotoxin

MA Jin-hui, WANG Xiao-ni, QI Bao-xia, ZHANG Shi, WU Qiong, XU Jun-zhao, WU Bai-yi-la, HU Zong-fu, NIU Hua-xin. Effects of Lactobacillus brevis on Mycotoxins and Microbial Community in Whole-plant Corn-soybean Mixed Silage during Aerobic Deterioration[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2026, 42(5): 193-202.

Figures/Tables 8

References 35

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项目 Item	全株玉米 Whole-plant corn	全株大豆 Whole-plant soybean	混合 Mix
干物质DM （% FM）	32.50±0.11	31.52±0.16	32.43±0.05
pH	5.73±0.53	5.85±0.34	5.84±0.16
粗蛋白质CP （% DM）	8.56±0.35	18.46±0.35	10.71±0.27
中性洗涤纤维NDF （% DM）	42.28±0.37	52.69±0.22	48.58±0.52
酸性洗涤纤维ADF（% DM）	24.34±1.05	40.01±1.53	28.96±0.45
WSC （% DM）	11.88±0.05	3.63±0.16	5.82±0.06
乳酸菌（lg CFU/g FM）	4.55±0.14	5.56±0.36	5.21±0.20
酵母菌（lg CFU/g FM）	5.13±0.13	5.23±0.37	6.65±0.15
霉菌（lg CFU/g FM）	ND	ND	ND

项目 Item	全株玉米 Whole-plant corn	全株大豆 Whole-plant soybean	混合 Mix
干物质DM （% FM）	32.50±0.11	31.52±0.16	32.43±0.05
pH	5.73±0.53	5.85±0.34	5.84±0.16
粗蛋白质CP （% DM）	8.56±0.35	18.46±0.35	10.71±0.27
中性洗涤纤维NDF （% DM）	42.28±0.37	52.69±0.22	48.58±0.52
酸性洗涤纤维ADF（% DM）	24.34±1.05	40.01±1.53	28.96±0.45
WSC （% DM）	11.88±0.05	3.63±0.16	5.82±0.06
乳酸菌（lg CFU/g FM）	4.55±0.14	5.56±0.36	5.21±0.20
酵母菌（lg CFU/g FM）	5.13±0.13	5.23±0.37	6.65±0.15
霉菌（lg CFU/g FM）	ND	ND	ND

项目 Items	处理 Treatment	有氧变质天数 Aerobic exposure days （d）			SEM	P-value
项目 Items	处理 Treatment	0	3	5	SEM	T	D	T×D
DM （% FM）	CK	31.39b	30.25b	27.62a	0.881	NS	**	**
DM （% FM）	LB	32.32a	31.42a	29.08a	0.881	NS	**	**
CP （% DM）	CK	10.17a	9.26ab	7.72Ab	0.994	**	*	NS
CP （% DM）	LB	12.31a	11.56bc	9.90Bc	0.994	**	*	NS
NDF （% DM）	CK	45.12b	49.56a	51.11a	1.173	**	***	***
NDF （% DM）	LB	44.96b	49.72a	50.25a	1.173	**	***	***
ADF （% DM）	CK	29.71b	33.63a	35.44Aa	1.492	***	**	NS
ADF （% DM）	LB	25.40a	27.12a	28.39Ba	1.492	***	**	NS
WSC （% DM）	CK	15.50a	13.83a	11.90b	1.054	***	**	**
WSC （% DM）	LB	12.02a	11.06a	10.78a	1.054	***	**	**

项目 Items	处理 Treatment	有氧变质天数 Aerobic exposure days （d）			SEM	P-value
项目 Items	处理 Treatment	0	3	5	SEM	T	D	T×D
DM （% FM）	CK	31.39b	30.25b	27.62a	0.881	NS	**	**
DM （% FM）	LB	32.32a	31.42a	29.08a	0.881	NS	**	**
CP （% DM）	CK	10.17a	9.26ab	7.72Ab	0.994	**	*	NS
CP （% DM）	LB	12.31a	11.56bc	9.90Bc	0.994	**	*	NS
NDF （% DM）	CK	45.12b	49.56a	51.11a	1.173	**	***	***
NDF （% DM）	LB	44.96b	49.72a	50.25a	1.173	**	***	***
ADF （% DM）	CK	29.71b	33.63a	35.44Aa	1.492	***	**	NS
ADF （% DM）	LB	25.40a	27.12a	28.39Ba	1.492	***	**	NS
WSC （% DM）	CK	15.50a	13.83a	11.90b	1.054	***	**	**
WSC （% DM）	LB	12.02a	11.06a	10.78a	1.054	***	**	**

项目 Items	处理 Treatment	有氧变质天数 Aerobic exposure days （d）			SEM	P-value
项目 Items	处理 Treatment	0	3	5	SEM	T	D	T×D
pH	CK	4.1Bb	4.55b	5.33Aa	0.084	**	**	**
pH	LB	3.85Ab	4.41b	5.06Ba	0.084	**	**	**
LA （% DM）	CK	10.37a	7.77b	6.40b	0.507	NS	***	*
LA （% DM）	LB	12.98a	9.10b	8.67b	0.507	NS	***	*
AA （% DM）	CK	1.64Ba	0.83Bb	0.73Bb	0.432	***	***	***
AA （% DM）	LB	8.54Aa	7.59Aa	6.61Aa	0.432	***	***	***
PA （% DM）	CK	2.88b	3.56a	3.82a	ND	ND	ND	ND
PA （% DM）	LB	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND
BA （% DM）	CK	0.5bc	0.88a	1.11a	ND	ND	ND	ND
BA （% DM）	LB	ND	ND	0.10	ND	ND	ND	ND
NH₃-N （%）	CK	3.18c	4.76b	5.67Ba	0.474	***	***	***
NH₃-N （%）	LB	2.01b	3.56a	3.66Aa	0.474	***	***	***