Research Status and Industrial Application of Fungal Melanin

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2021-0562

Abstract

Abstract:

Natural melanin is a polyhydroxyindole or polyhydroxyphenol polymer synthesized and secreted by biological cells,which is soluble in alkali but insoluble in water and other organic solvents,and is widely found in various animals,plants and microorganisms. Current researches have shown that there are a variety of biological activities in natural fungal melanin,and it is an important biological material and resource with a wide range of applications in many fields. This paper reviews the current status of research on the classification,structure,synthesis pathway,physicochemical properties and biological activities of fungal melanin,and points out that fungal melanin has great potential and value in production applications. Furthermore,by comprehensively comparing four fungal melanin preparation methods,including extraction by leaching,ultrasonic-assisted extraction,ultrasonic-microwave-assisted extraction and enzyme-ultrasonic synergistic extraction,a reference for the efficient production of fungal melanin is provided. Finally,it summarizes the current situation of the development and application of fungal melanin in agriculture,industry,medicine and other industries at home and abroad in recent years,and discusses the significance and issues of fungal melanin in industrial application. This paper provides reference for promoting the application and development direction of fungal melanin industry in China.

Key words: fungal melanin, species, source, melanin extraction, biological activity, application

XUE Fan-zheng, HUANG Hai-chen, WU Fu-quan, LI Xiao-min, WU Xiao-ping, FU Jun-sheng. Research Status and Industrial Application of Fungal Melanin[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2021, 37(11): 32-41.

Figures/Tables 4

References 57

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黑色素种类 Melanin types	来源 Sources	合成途径 Synthetic pathway
真黑色素 Eumelanin	细菌、真菌、动物 Bacteria,fungi and animals	L-DOPA途径 L-DOPA pathway
棕黑色素 Phaeomelanin	细菌、动物 Bacteria and animals	L-DOPA途径 L-DOPA pathway
异黑色素 Allomelanin	细菌、真菌、植物 Bacteria,fungi and plants	DHN途径等 DHN pathway etc.

黑色素种类 Melanin types	来源 Sources	合成途径 Synthetic pathway
真黑色素 Eumelanin	细菌、真菌、动物 Bacteria,fungi and animals	L-DOPA途径 L-DOPA pathway
棕黑色素 Phaeomelanin	细菌、动物 Bacteria and animals	L-DOPA途径 L-DOPA pathway
异黑色素 Allomelanin	细菌、真菌、植物 Bacteria,fungi and plants	DHN途径等 DHN pathway etc.

菌名 Fungus name	属名 Generic name	黑色素类别 Category of melanin
短梗霉 Aureobasidium	短梗霉属 Aureobasidiu	真黑色素Eumelanin^[22]
桦褐孔菌 Inonotus obliquus	孔菌属 Laetiporus	真黑色素Eumelanin^[23]
黑木耳 Auricularia auricula	木耳属 Auricularia	3,4-二羟基苯丙氨酸（DOPA）类黑色素^[24] 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine（DOPA）type of melanin^[24]
辛格粒毛盘菌YM296 Synge lachnumYM296	粒毛盘菌属 Lachnum	哚型棕黑色素Dole-type phaeomelanin^[25]
构巢曲霉菌 Aspergillus nidulans	曲霉属 Aspergillus	DOPA类黑色素DOPA type of melanin^[26]
禾谷镰孢菌 Fusarium graminearum	镰孢菌属 Fusarium	脱氧鸟苷黑色素Deoxyguanosine melanin^[27]
双孢菌 Agaricus bacteria	伞菌属 Agaricus	GHB^-、PAP^-两种异黑色素^[28] GHB^-,PAP^-two kinds of allomelanin^[28]
粗毛纤孔菌Inonotus hispidus	纤孔菌属 Inonotus	二羟基苯丙氨酸（DOPA）类黑色素^[29] Dihydroxyphenylalanine（DOPA）type of melanin^[29]

菌名 Fungus name	属名 Generic name	黑色素类别 Category of melanin
短梗霉 Aureobasidium	短梗霉属 Aureobasidiu	真黑色素Eumelanin^[22]
桦褐孔菌 Inonotus obliquus	孔菌属 Laetiporus	真黑色素Eumelanin^[23]
黑木耳 Auricularia auricula	木耳属 Auricularia	3,4-二羟基苯丙氨酸（DOPA）类黑色素^[24] 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine（DOPA）type of melanin^[24]
辛格粒毛盘菌YM296 Synge lachnumYM296	粒毛盘菌属 Lachnum	哚型棕黑色素Dole-type phaeomelanin^[25]
构巢曲霉菌 Aspergillus nidulans	曲霉属 Aspergillus	DOPA类黑色素DOPA type of melanin^[26]
禾谷镰孢菌 Fusarium graminearum	镰孢菌属 Fusarium	脱氧鸟苷黑色素Deoxyguanosine melanin^[27]
双孢菌 Agaricus bacteria	伞菌属 Agaricus	GHB^-、PAP^-两种异黑色素^[28] GHB^-,PAP^-two kinds of allomelanin^[28]
粗毛纤孔菌Inonotus hispidus	纤孔菌属 Inonotus	二羟基苯丙氨酸（DOPA）类黑色素^[29] Dihydroxyphenylalanine（DOPA）type of melanin^[29]