Research Progress in the Stress Tolerance Mechanisms of Desert Plant Tamarix spp.

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2020-1040

Abstract

Abstract:

Tamarix is an extremely drought and salt tolerant perennial shrub widely distributed in desert regions. In the long-term evolution,Tamarix has developed various adaptive characteristics at different levels,including morphology,physiology,biochemistry,and molecular biology,which help Tamarix adapt to extreme environments. The special mechanism at germination stage allows population to reproduce successfully;the leaves degenerate as scales,large amounts of salt glands are distributed on the surface of leaf and stem,and flourishing root system is developed,and the corresponding adaptive changes in the morphological structure occunred;in addition,it is based on different physiological responses,e.g. osmoregulation,antioxidation,higher photosynthetic efficiency,and molecular signaling pathways combining with related gene expression regulation to cope with environmental stresses. Based on the current progress in Tamarix research work in this paper,we discussed the mechanisms of Tamarix in adaptation to stresses,and prospected from seed characteristics,plant morphological structure,physiological regulation and molecular biology of stress resistance in Tamarix,by which we expect to provide evidence for further exploitation of Tamarix adaptive strategy.

Key words: Tamarix, drought tolerance, salt tolerance, salt gland, seed characteristics

LI Cai-xia, LAN Hai-yan. Research Progress in the Stress Tolerance Mechanisms of Desert Plant Tamarix spp.[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2021, 37(5): 128-140.

Figures/Tables 4

Fig. 1 Seed morphology of Tamarix ramosissma The scale bar is 200 μm

Fig. 2 Leaf morphology of Tamarix ramosissma in different developmental stages A: Cotyledons. B: Seedling and succulent leaves. C: Adult shoot and amplexicaul leaves. The scale bar in A, B, C is 100 μm, 500 μm, and 800 μm

Fig. 3 Schematic diagram of water absorption and reten-tion regulation of Tamarix above and under ground parts of plant (drawn by reference[47,48,49]) The arrows on the left of the root indicate the directions of water movement during hydraulic lifting

Fig. 4 Schematic diagram of salt gland structure, secretion mechanism and influencing factors in Tamarix (drawn by reference [55, 65-66]) PO: Pores. PI: Plasmodesmata. OC: Outer pair of secretory cells. MC: Middle pair of secretory cells. IC: Inner pair of secretory cells. CC: Collecting cells. mv: Microvacuoles. m: Mitochondria. n: Nuclei. c: Cuticle. w: Wall. v: Vacuoles. The arrows represent intercellular hyalines

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