Paclitaxel Production by Endophytic Fungi in Plants: Research Advances and Prospects

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2025-1272

Abstract

Abstract:

Paclitaxel is a potent tetracyclic diterpenoid anticancer agent widely used in the clinical treatment of various malignancies, including ovarian and breast cancers. Its conventional production relies on extraction from Taxus spp. (yew trees), which is constrained by resource scarcity and ecological risks. Plant endophytic fungi are promising alternative sources for paclitaxel biosynthesis, offering potential for sustainable production and industrial-scale application. This paper systematically reviews the research progress on paclitaxel production by plant endophytic fungi. In terms of isolation sources, paclitaxel-producing endophytic fungi have been isolated from diverse host plants, including gymnosperms (e.g., Taxus), angiosperms (e.g., Corylus avellana), and herbaceous plants (e.g., Artemisia argyi). Regarding microbial classification, the reported paclitaxel-producing endophytic fungi span at least 15 fungal genera, including Alternaria, Aspergillus, and Penicillium. Wild-type strains show remarkable differences in paclitaxel biosynthetic capacity, with yields ranging from micrograms per liter to milligrams per liter. Due to the heterogeneity of culture conditions and the lack of unified quantitative detection standards, no dominant high-yield strains have been clearly identified to date. At the genetic level, homologous sequences of several key genes involved in the plant paclitaxel biosynthetic pathway have been identified in paclitaxel-producing endophytic fungi, whereas the complete paclitaxel biosynthetic pathway in endophytic fungi has not been fully elucidated. Current efforts mainly focus on optimizing endophytic fungal chassis cells through strain screening, mutagenesis breeding, and gene editing. In parallel, strategies such as fermentation process optimization, metabolic regulation, and co-culture have also shown significant potential for improving paclitaxel yields in endophytic fungi. Against the backdrop of the rapidly developing field of synthetic biology, this paper proposes that future research should strengthen integrated multi-omics analysis of endophytic fungi, along with the development of synthetic biology tools and metabolic engineering approaches, so as to provide a theoretical basis and technical support for the industrial production of paclitaxel using fungi as chassis cells.

Key words: plant endophytic fungi, paclitaxel, biosynthesis, metabolic engineering, fermentation optimization

LONG Jun-jie, HE Rui-xi, NI Zi-fu, ZHANG Min, QI Yan-li, LI Cheng-wei. Paclitaxel Production by Endophytic Fungi in Plants: Research Advances and Prospects[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2026, 42(8): 22-34.

Figures/Tables 4

References 87

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来源 Source	参考文献 References
红豆杉属 Taxus spp.	［7， 13-21］
小叶罗汉松 Podocarpus pilgeri 细叶罗汉松 P. gracilior	［22］［23］
艾蒿 Artemisia judaica	［24］
印度紫檀 Terminalia arjuna	［25-26］
辣木 Moringa oleifera	［27］
长蒴黄麻 Corchorus olitorius	［28］
欧洲榛 Corylus avellana	［29］
棕榈 Trachycarpus	［30］
木橘 Aegle marmelos	［31］
诺丽果树 Morinda citrifolia	［32］
银杏 Ginkgo biloba	［33］
落叶松 Larix leptolepis	［34］
香橼 Citrus medica	［35］
朱槿 Hibiscus rosa-sinensis	［36］
马松子 Melochia corchorifolia	［37］

来源 Source	参考文献 References
红豆杉属 Taxus spp.	［7， 13-21］
小叶罗汉松 Podocarpus pilgeri 细叶罗汉松 P. gracilior	［22］［23］
艾蒿 Artemisia judaica	［24］
印度紫檀 Terminalia arjuna	［25-26］
辣木 Moringa oleifera	［27］
长蒴黄麻 Corchorus olitorius	［28］
欧洲榛 Corylus avellana	［29］
棕榈 Trachycarpus	［30］
木橘 Aegle marmelos	［31］
诺丽果树 Morinda citrifolia	［32］
银杏 Ginkgo biloba	［33］
落叶松 Larix leptolepis	［34］
香橼 Citrus medica	［35］
朱槿 Hibiscus rosa-sinensis	［36］
马松子 Melochia corchorifolia	［37］

内生真菌 Endophytic fungi	产量 Yield	参考文献References
曲霉 Aspergillus sp.	432 μg/L	［23］
	110.2 μg/L	［24］
	560 μg/L	［13］
	334.2 μg/L	［14］
	1 137.6 μg/L	［14］
链格孢 Alternaria sp.	140.8 μg/L	［25］
	195.4 μg/L	［15］
	124.3 μg/L	［26］
环纹炭团菌 Annulohypoxylon sp.	282 μg/L	［16］
担子菌 Basidiomycete sp.	382.2 μg/L	［28］
	7.5 mg/L	［29］
枝孢霉 Cladosporium sp.	550 μg/L	［27］
毛壳菌 Chaetomium sp.	77.2 μg/L	［38］
附球菌 Epicoccum sp.	1 364.6 μg/L	［17］
	1.32-1.75 μg/L	［18］
镰孢菌 Fusarium sp.	0.0153 mg/L	［19］
	18.2 μg/L	［22］
粘帚霉 Gliocladium sp.	10.7 μg/L	［39］
二孢菌 Lasiodiplodia sp.	245 μg/L	［32］
毛霉 Mucor sp.	195.1 mg/L	［20］
假双球孢菌 Pseudodidymocyrtis sp.	0.361 mg/g	［21］
茎点霉 Phoma sp.	1.215 mg/L	［7］
拟盘多毛孢菌 Pestalotiopsis sp.	64 μg/L	［40］
叶点霉 Phyllosticta sp.	274 μg/L	［37］

内生真菌 Endophytic fungi	产量 Yield	参考文献References
曲霉 Aspergillus sp.	432 μg/L	［23］
	110.2 μg/L	［24］
	560 μg/L	［13］
	334.2 μg/L	［14］
	1 137.6 μg/L	［14］
链格孢 Alternaria sp.	140.8 μg/L	［25］
	195.4 μg/L	［15］
	124.3 μg/L	［26］
环纹炭团菌 Annulohypoxylon sp.	282 μg/L	［16］
担子菌 Basidiomycete sp.	382.2 μg/L	［28］
	7.5 mg/L	［29］
枝孢霉 Cladosporium sp.	550 μg/L	［27］
毛壳菌 Chaetomium sp.	77.2 μg/L	［38］
附球菌 Epicoccum sp.	1 364.6 μg/L	［17］
	1.32-1.75 μg/L	［18］
镰孢菌 Fusarium sp.	0.0153 mg/L	［19］
	18.2 μg/L	［22］
粘帚霉 Gliocladium sp.	10.7 μg/L	［39］
二孢菌 Lasiodiplodia sp.	245 μg/L	［32］
毛霉 Mucor sp.	195.1 mg/L	［20］
假双球孢菌 Pseudodidymocyrtis sp.	0.361 mg/g	［21］
茎点霉 Phoma sp.	1.215 mg/L	［7］
拟盘多毛孢菌 Pestalotiopsis sp.	64 μg/L	［40］
叶点霉 Phyllosticta sp.	274 μg/L	［37］