合成生物学在改善肠道健康状态中的应用与展望

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2017-0648

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

合成生物学是一个新兴的研究领域,它是指新的人工生物路径、有机体或装置的设计和构建,或者对自然生物系统进行重新设计。利用合成生物学改造肠道微生物中的共生细菌,使其实现对肠道菌群或肠道细胞状态的靶向调控,可以有效的改善宿主的肠道健康状态。由于该方法可塑性较强,可调控的靶标范围广泛、调控针对性强,副作用少,因此已逐步应用于肠道疾病的治疗中。综述了合成生物学在杀死肠道致病菌,维持肠道菌群平衡,协助肠道代谢营养物质,改善代谢疾病,诊断肠道疾病,定位肿瘤组织及调节肠道免疫系统等方面的研究进展,分析了现阶段合成生物学用于改善肠道健康状态中的优势和存在的问题,并在此基础上提出了“应用合成生物学建立人体肠道健康调控的新型功能性益生菌系统,实现对肠道健康的个性化医疗”的技术路线和管理体系。

关键词: 合成生物学, 肠道微生物, 肠道健康, 益生菌

Abstract:

Synthetic biology is a novel research field,and it is referred to design and construct new artificial biological pathways,organisms,devices or redesign natural biological systems. Synthetic biology could be used to rebuild the symbiotic bacterial strains in our gut,which may effectively improve the intestinal health status of the host by the targeted regulation of the intestinal flora or intestinal cell state. Due to the strong flexibility,a wide range of controllable targets,target specificity and few side effects of this method,it has been gradually applied in the treatment of intestinal diseases. We summarized the advances on synthetic biology in the following aspects,first,intestinal pathogens killing and intestinal microbiota balance maintaining;second,nutrient metabolism assisting and metabolic diseases curing;third,intestinal diseases diagnosing,tumor tissue locating and intestinal immune system regulating. Further we analyzed the advantages and issues while synthetic biology used in improving intestinal health,and based on which,we proposed the technological route and management system of “synthetic biology-based novel probiotics system to achieve personalized medical treatment of intestinal health”.

Key words: synthetic biology, gut microbiota, intestinal health, probiotics

杜若曦, 郭明璋, 谢子鑫, 贺晓云, 黄昆仑, 许文涛. 合成生物学在改善肠道健康状态中的应用与展望[J]. 生物技术通报, 2018, 34(1): 49-59.

DU Ruo-xi, GUO Ming-zhang, XIE Zi-xin, HE Xiao-yun, HUANG Kun-lun, XU Wen-tao. Application and Prospect of Synthetic Biology in Improving Intestinal Health[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2018, 34(1): 49-59.

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