奶牛乳房炎源金黄色葡萄球菌耐药性研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2018-0317

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 金黄色葡萄球菌（Staphylococcus aureus,S.aureus）是奶牛乳房炎（Bovine mastitis）最主要致病菌之一。抗菌药物在奶牛乳房炎治疗中的作用无可替代,但随着严重依赖甚至过度使用抗菌药物,S.aureus耐药性等问题日益凸显,我国现阶段尤为严重。近年来,耐药菌株、耐药谱逐渐变宽,耐药水平不断提高,使其耐药性越来越强,耐药机制变得复杂,耐药基因种类繁多,导致乳房炎源S.aureus广谱耐药性和多重耐药性现象已经十分严重,甚至出现超级耐药细菌-耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus,MRSA）,为奶牛乳房炎治疗带来极大困难。S.aureus耐药性不仅对奶牛养殖业和乳房炎防治造成影响,同时直接或间接威胁人类健康。因此,监测S.aureus耐药性及变迁情况,探明其具体耐药机制是解决问题的关键。目前,S.aureus可通过产生修饰酶、改变抗菌药物的作用靶点、降低细胞壁的通透性等不同作用机制,对β-内酰胺类、氨基糖胺类、四环素类、大环内酯类、林可胺类和喹诺酮类等抗菌药物产生不同程度的耐药,但基因编码的分子耐药机制尚未明确。综述了奶牛乳房炎中S. aureus耐药性及其分子耐药机制,讨论了明确S .aureu耐药机制的意义及存在的问题,以期为奶牛乳房炎临床合理用药及有效防治提供思路和依据。

关键词: 乳房炎, 金黄色葡萄球菌, 抗菌药物, 耐药, 分子机制

Abstract: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most dominant pathogenic bacteria resulting in bovine mastitis. The role of antibiotics in the treatment of bovine mastitis is irreplaceable,however,antibiotics are dependent seriously or even over-spread,the drug resistance of S. aureus is becoming increasingly prominent,and it is particularly serious at the present stage in China. In recent years,the drug-resistant strains and profiles have widened gradually,and their drug resistance is increasing. The resistance mechanism becomes more and more complex,and the genes with drug resistance are varied. The widespread and multidrug-resistant of S. aureus from bovine mastitis is very serious,even the super drug-resistant bacteria,methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus（MRSA）,appeared,which brings great difficulties in the treatment of bovine mastitis. Severe drug resistance of S. aureus not only affects the dairy farming industry and the prevention and treatment of mastitis,also threatens human health directly or indirectly. Therefore,the key to solve the problem is to monitor S. aureus drug resistance and its migration as well as to identify its specific drug resistance mechanism. At present,S. aureus can produce drug resistance to antibacterial drugs such as β-lactams,aminoglycans,tetracyclines,macrolides,linamine and quinolones by different mechanisms,such as generating modification enzymes,changing the target of antibacterial drugs,reducing the permeability of cell wall and so on,but the mechanism of molecular drug resistance from gene coding remains unclear. A review here is made on the S. aureusdrug resistance and its molecular drug resistance mechanism in bovine mastitis,and the significance and problems of defining the mechanism of S. aureus drug resistance are discussed,aiming at providing ideas and basis for rationally applying drug and effective prevention and treatment of bovine mastitis in clinics.

Key words: mastitis：Staphylococcus aureus, antibacterial drug, drug resistance, molecular mechanism

赵艳坤, 刘慧敏, 王帅, 蔡建星, 王成, 陈贺. 奶牛乳房炎源金黄色葡萄球菌耐药性研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2018, 34(10): 18-25.

ZHAO Yan-kun, LIU Hui-min, WANG Shuai, CAI Jian-xing, WANG Cheng, CHEN He. Research Progress on Drug Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus in Bovine Mastitis[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2018, 34(10): 18-25.

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