甜高粱在镉胁迫下的生理生化和应答机理研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2018-0536

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 生活垃圾、化肥、农药、制造业及采矿业的发展造成了土壤重金属的污染。系统总结了甜高粱在镉胁迫下的生理生化机制、耐受性及分子机理,其中生理生化机制主要是镉胁迫对甜高粱种子萌发和幼苗生长、抗氧化物酶活、光合参数、超微结构和微量元素吸收的影响,而甜高粱对镉的耐受性包括外排机理和内部耐受性,外排机理主要是常见的重金属外排蛋白黄色条状蛋白、重金属ATP酶4、植物镉抗性蛋白1和多效型耐药蛋白8,内部耐受性主要有重金属的螯合、液泡区室化重金属。耐受性分子机理主要依赖谷胱甘肽途径的调节,晚期胚胎丰富蛋白和自然抗性相关巨噬蛋白的表达。此外,甜高粱对镉的吸收积累和转运相关蛋白的研究,主要指镉进入植物的主要过程和镉在植物体的积累顺序、相关的细胞膜锌铁离子转运蛋白和自然抗性相关转运蛋白的转运。最后,对甜高粱用于生物修复的优点进行了说明和展望,并提出了存在的问题和今后研究的方向,以期为今后甜高粱的育种及培育出高效修复镉污染的甜高粱新品种提供依据。

关键词: 甜高粱, 镉, 生理生化, 应答机理

Abstract: The domestic waste,fertilizers,pesticides,and the development of manufacturing and mining have being caused heavy metal contamination in soils. This paper systematically summarizes the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of sweet sorghum under cadmium stress,tolerance and molecular mechanism. The physiological and biochemical mechanism mainly refers to the effects of cadmium stress on sweet sorghum seed germination and seedling growth,antioxidant enzyme activity,photosynthetic parameters,ultrastructure and microelement absorption. While the tolerance of sweet sorghum to cadmium includes the efflux mechanism and internal tolerance,the efflux mechanism is mainly the efflux of protein yellow stripe-like protein,the heavy metal ATPase 4,the plant cadmium resistance protein 1,and the pleiotropic drug-resistance protein 8 via heavy metals;the internal tolerance mainly has the chelation and the vacuolar compartmentalization of heavy metals. The mechanism of tolerance is mainly dependent on the regulation of glutathione pathway,the expressions of late embryogenesis abundant protein and natural resistance associated macrophage protein. In addition,the study on the cadmium uptake and accumulation and transport-related proteins in sweet sorghum mainly refers to the main process of cadmium entering plants,the accumulation order of calcium in plant,the transport of zinc-iron-ion regulated transporter protein,and natural resistance associated macrophage protein in the cell membrane. Finally,the advantages of applying sweet sorghum for bioremediation are explained and prospected,and the problems and future research directions are proposed,which may provide a basis for future breeding of sweet sorghum and the cultivation of new sweet sorghum varieties with high efficiency in remediating cadmium-contaminated soil .

Key words: sweet sorghum, cadmium, physiology and biochemistry, response mechanism

李建钢, 刘瑞媛, 彭丹妮, 李文建, 董喜存, 马建忠. 甜高粱在镉胁迫下的生理生化和应答机理研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2018, 34(11): 27-35.

LI Jian-gang, LIU Rui-yuan, PENG Dan-ni, LI Wen-jian, DONG Xi-cun, MA Jian-zhong. Advances in Physiological,Biochemical and Response Mechanism of Sweet Sorghum Under Cadmium Stress[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2018, 34(11): 27-35.

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