根际微生物对植物重金属胁迫的缓解作用及其机理研究进展

doi:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2021-0811

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

植物修复技术已成为重金属污染环境绿色修复的重要手段。在重金属胁迫下,根际微生物能够有效改善植物生长发育与生理代谢活动,并增强植物对重金属的吸收和富集能力。本文首先从根际微生物组成、根系-微生物相互作用两个方面进行阐述,并以此为基础分析植物根际促生菌、菌根真菌对植物重金属胁迫的缓解作用,同时从微生物、植物根系分泌物、植物乙烯合成、植物光合作用、植物抗氧化防御系统、植物水分与养分吸收、根际土壤微环境等方面论述了根际微生物缓解植物重金属胁迫的作用机制。最后,结合当前研究现状,提出进一步挖掘重金属胁迫下对植物生长有益的新菌种,探明重金属胁迫下植物根际区域不同微生物之间的相互作用,揭示重金属胁迫下植物根系-微生物互作体系的生理分子机制,以期为今后探索微生物辅助植物修复重金属污染环境的理论研究和实践提供指导。

关键词: 根际微生物, 重金属胁迫, 植物抗性, 缓解机制

Abstract:

Phytoremediation technology has become an important means in green remediation of heavy metal pollution. Under heavy metal stress,rhizosphere microorganisms can effectively improve plant growth and physiological metabolism,and enhance the absorption and enrichment of heavy metals in plants. This paper first discusses the rhizosphere microbial composition and root-microbe interaction,and analyses the mitigative effects of plant rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi on plant resistance to heavy metal stress. Meanwhile,the article also discusses the mechanism of the rhizosphere microbes alleviating heavy metal toxicity from the aspects of microorganism,plant root exudates,plant ethylene synthesis,plant photosynthesis,plant antioxidant defense system,water and nutrient absorption and rhizospheric soil microenvironment. Finally,this paper combines the current research status and draws some conclusions. Such as,finding new strains of beneficial to plant growth under heavy metal stress,exploring the interaction between different microorganisms in the rhizosphere under heavy metal stress,and revealing the physiological and molecular mechanisms of plant root-microbial interaction system under heavy metal stress,aiming to provide guidance for the theoretical research and practice of microbial assisted phytoremediation of heavy metal pollution in the future.

Key words: rhizosphere microorganisms, heavy metal stress, plant resistance, mitigative mechanism

杨露, 辛建攀, 田如男. 根际微生物对植物重金属胁迫的缓解作用及其机理研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2022, 38(3): 213-225.

YANG Lu, XIN Jian-pan, TIAN Ru-nan. Research Progress in the Mitigative Effects of Rhizosphere Microorganisms on Heavy Metal Stress in Plants and Their Mechanisms[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2022, 38(3): 213-225.

图/表 1

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根际微生物 Rhizospheric microorganisms	宿主植物 Host plants	重金属 Heavy metal	主要作用 Main functions	文献来源 Reference
芽胞杆菌Paenibacillus mucilaginosus 根瘤菌Sinorhizobium meliloti	紫花苜蓿Medicago sativa	Cu	调控根际微生物群落结构,增加土壤养分的可利用性,促进植物生长	[76]
粘质沙雷氏菌Serratia marcescens S2I7	水稻Oryza sativa	Cd	促进P吸收、分泌铁载体和IAA,通过谷胱甘肽s-转移酶（GST）参与Cd解毒	[57]
铜绿假单胞菌Pseudomonas aeruginosa 唐菖蒲伯克霍尔德菌Burkholderia gladioli	番茄Solanum lycopersicum	Cd	改变不同代谢物水平缓解重金属毒害	[62]
根瘤菌Sinorhizobiumfredii S15	大豆G. max	Cd Pb	促进P吸收、清除ROS,促进地上部对Cd、Pb的富集	[77]
丛枝菌根真菌AMF	蓖麻Ricinus communis 毒参Conium maculatum	Cr	利用球囊素将重金属固定在根系,缓解重金属对植物地上部的毒害作用	[78]
根瘤菌Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae	豌豆 Pisum sativum	Cd	妨碍乙烯合成,促进植物生长	[79]
根内根生囊霉Rhizophagus irregularis	紫花苜蓿 M. sativa	Zn Cd	提高植株含水量、叶绿素含量等,降低重金属富集	[80]
球囊霉属菌根真菌Glomus spp.	银白杨Populus alba	Zn Cu	上调植物螯合蛋白和网格蛋白基因,增强植物重金属抗性,促进生长	[81]
摩西球囊霉Glomus mosseae	大豆G. max	Cd	提高根重和光合速率,降低Cd毒性	[82]
摩西管柄囊霉Funneliformis mosseae 根内根孢囊霉Rhizophagus intraradices	水稻O. sativa	Cd	改变Cd的亚细胞分布和化学形态	[83]
卷边网褶菌Paxillus involutus	银灰杨 Populus canescens	Pb	调控相关蛋白影响次生代谢、氧化应激、能量供应等缓解重金属毒害	[84]
根须腹菌属外生菌根Rhizopogon sp.	阿勒颇松 Pinus halepensis	Pb Zn Cd	促进植物对矿质养分的吸收,并将重金属固定于菌根	[85]
土生空团菌Cenococcum geophilum 蜡蘑属真菌Laccaria sp. 豆马勃属真菌Pisolithus sp.	樟子松 Pinus sylvestris	废弃尾矿库	提高寄主生物量、光合作用和养分吸收等,将重金属滞留于根部,保护地上部	[86]

根际微生物 Rhizospheric microorganisms	宿主植物 Host plants	重金属 Heavy metal	主要作用 Main functions	文献来源 Reference
芽胞杆菌Paenibacillus mucilaginosus 根瘤菌Sinorhizobium meliloti	紫花苜蓿Medicago sativa	Cu	调控根际微生物群落结构,增加土壤养分的可利用性,促进植物生长	[76]
粘质沙雷氏菌Serratia marcescens S2I7	水稻Oryza sativa	Cd	促进P吸收、分泌铁载体和IAA,通过谷胱甘肽s-转移酶（GST）参与Cd解毒	[57]
铜绿假单胞菌Pseudomonas aeruginosa 唐菖蒲伯克霍尔德菌Burkholderia gladioli	番茄Solanum lycopersicum	Cd	改变不同代谢物水平缓解重金属毒害	[62]
根瘤菌Sinorhizobiumfredii S15	大豆G. max	Cd Pb	促进P吸收、清除ROS,促进地上部对Cd、Pb的富集	[77]
丛枝菌根真菌AMF	蓖麻Ricinus communis 毒参Conium maculatum	Cr	利用球囊素将重金属固定在根系,缓解重金属对植物地上部的毒害作用	[78]
根瘤菌Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae	豌豆 Pisum sativum	Cd	妨碍乙烯合成,促进植物生长	[79]
根内根生囊霉Rhizophagus irregularis	紫花苜蓿 M. sativa	Zn Cd	提高植株含水量、叶绿素含量等,降低重金属富集	[80]
球囊霉属菌根真菌Glomus spp.	银白杨Populus alba	Zn Cu	上调植物螯合蛋白和网格蛋白基因,增强植物重金属抗性,促进生长	[81]
摩西球囊霉Glomus mosseae	大豆G. max	Cd	提高根重和光合速率,降低Cd毒性	[82]
摩西管柄囊霉Funneliformis mosseae 根内根孢囊霉Rhizophagus intraradices	水稻O. sativa	Cd	改变Cd的亚细胞分布和化学形态	[83]
卷边网褶菌Paxillus involutus	银灰杨 Populus canescens	Pb	调控相关蛋白影响次生代谢、氧化应激、能量供应等缓解重金属毒害	[84]
根须腹菌属外生菌根Rhizopogon sp.	阿勒颇松 Pinus halepensis	Pb Zn Cd	促进植物对矿质养分的吸收,并将重金属固定于菌根	[85]
土生空团菌Cenococcum geophilum 蜡蘑属真菌Laccaria sp. 豆马勃属真菌Pisolithus sp.	樟子松 Pinus sylvestris	废弃尾矿库	提高寄主生物量、光合作用和养分吸收等,将重金属滞留于根部,保护地上部	[86]